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SPINE > Oral Cavity and Pharynx Anatomy > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Pharynx Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a potential complication of tonsilitis?

A

A peritonsilar abscess
Presents as a painful soft tissue swelling - normally during or just after the tonsilitis
Requires drainage and administration of antibiotics directly with a needle

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2
Q

What structures enters the pharnyx between the superior and middle constrictor?
What is its role?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensory innervation to the oropharnyx

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3
Q

What nerve enters between the middle and inferior constrictor of the pharnyx?
What is its function?

A

The vagus nerve
Including the internal laryngeal nerve
Sensory innervation to the laryngeal cavity superior to the vocal cords

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4
Q

What structures enter the pharynx inferior to the inferior constrictor of the pharynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve and vessels
Innervate intrinsic muscles of the larynx including control over the vocal cords - speech

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5
Q

Summarise the sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx = CNV2
Oropharnyx = CNIX
Laryngopharynx = CNX

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6
Q

Summarise the motor innervation of the pharynx

A

All vagus nerve CNX
Except stylopharyngeus which is CNIX

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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the pharynx?

A

Superior constrictor = facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery
Middle constrictor - superior thyroid artery
Inferior constrictor = inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical trunk)

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the tonsils?

A

Rich blood supply
Including the lingual artery, facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery and descending palatine artery.

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9
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pharnyx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus - on posterior aspect of the pharynx
Blood drains from here to the internal jugular vein

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10
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the pharynx?

A

To the retropharyngeal and deep cervical nodes

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage of the tonsils?

A

Via the peritonsillar plexus into the lingual and pharyngeal veins then into the internal jugular vein

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12
Q

What is dysphagia?
How may it present?

A

Difficulty swallowing
Coughing assocaited with swallowing food, liquid or saliva.
Feeling food sticking in your throat
Oropharyngeal pooling of illiquid - can cause aspiration of food and fluids leading to pneumonia

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13
Q

What are the common causes of dysphagia?

A

Anatomical/funcation deficits from oral cavity to stamoch
Failure of neural control (congenital, trauma, stroke, neurodegenerative disease in CNS)

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14
Q

What is oropharyngeal dysphasia?

A

Swallowing porblems occuring in the mouth and/or throat
Loss of tongue strength to propel bolus posteriorly
Loss of control of pharyngeal phase of swallowing

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15
Q

What investigation should be done for a swallowing problem?

A

Video fluoroscopic swallowing examination/modified barium study to evaluate.

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16
Q

Define Zenkers diverticulum

A

Mucosal herniation posteriroly between the cricopharyngeus muscle and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

17
Q

How does zenkers diverticulum tend to present?

A

Dysphagia to solids and liquids
Regurgitation of undigested food
Sensation of globus or fullness in the neck
Cough
Halitosis
Aspiration pneumonia
Weight loss
Voice changes
Sialorrhea (excessive drooling)

18
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

A

Via the glassopharyngeal nerve - pre/post synapse in the otic ganglion - post carried by auriculotemporal branch of CNV3.

19
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

A

Vasomotor innervation (may reduce secretion) by the nerve plexus uvrlying the external carotid artery, originateing from apre/post synapse in the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic chain

20
Q

What muscle does the submandibular gland warp around?

A

Mylohyoid

21
Q

What nerve is the submandibular gland close to?

A

Superior to the lingual nerve

22
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the sublingual/submandibular gland?

A

From chorda tympania (CNVII),
Pre/post synapse in the submandibular ganglion with post synaptic nerve fibres travelling with the lingual nerve.

23
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the sublingual/submandibular gland?

A

Vasomotor innervation (may reduce secretion)
Pre-post synapse in the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic chain, supply glands via the plexus overlying the external carotid artery.

24
Q

What is sialolthiasis?

A

Hardened mineral deposits in the salivary gland - causing salivary gland swelling.

25
Q

What are the different types of teeth found in humans?

A

16 teeth maximum on the top and bottom = 32 teeth
Made of t - central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, two premolar, 3 molars (third of which is the wisdom tooth)

26
Q

What are some important features tbe able to identify on the bony hard palate?

A

THe incisive fossa
The palatine process of the maxilla
The horizontal plate of the palatine bone.

27
Q

How can the gingiva be split anatomically

A

The lingual gingiva - facing the tongue
The vestibular gingiva - face the cheeks/buccal/labial)
Maxillary - top row
Mandibular - floor of mouth

28
Q

Describe the innervation to the maxillary teeth

A

CNV2
-> superior alveolar branch which has three segments
-> anterior = incisor and part of canine
-> middle =
-> posterior = 3 molar

29
Q

Describe the innervation the maxillary gingiva

A

All branches of CNV2
The lingual gingiva = incisor and canin by nasoplatine nerve
The remaining lingual gingiva by the greater palatine nerve

The vestibular gingica are supplied by the post/mid/ant inferior alveolar nerve, with contribution from the infra-orbital nerve for canine and pre-molar.

30
Q

Describe the innervation of the mandibular teeth?

A

Supplies by branches of the CNV3
Inferior alveolar nerve - incisor branch to incisor and canine, the dental pranches to premolar and molars

31
Q

What branches of the CNV3 are important to know in the oral cavity?

A

CNV3 splits into the buccal nerve, lingual nerve and the inferior alveolar nerve.
Inferior alveolar nerve continues giving off dental and incisive branches, final branch is the mental nerve.

32
Q

Describe the innervation of the mandibular gingiva

A

The lingual gingiva are supplied by the lingual nerve
The vestibular gingica are supplied by the mental branch of inf alveolar and the buccal branch (3 molars)

33
Q

Where does each salivary gland oepn into the mouth?

A

Parotid - pierces buccinator, enters near the 2nd maxillary molar
Sublingual - numerous small ducts onto the sublingual folds.
Submandibular - papilla (sublingual caruncle) beside the frenulum of the tongue

34
Q

Within the subtance of the tongue the hypoglossal nerve runs between which two muscles?

A

The hyoglossus
The mylohyoid

35
Q

What structure seperates the anterior 2/3 and the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

The sulcus terminalis

36
Q

The floor of the mouth if formed by which muscle

A

The mylohyoid

SPINE (23 decks)

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