Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards
what nerve supplies the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue
the hypoglossal
what nerve supplies the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal
what are the names of the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus
what is the sensory supply to the tongue
anterior 2/3 - sensation via trigeminal and taste via facial
posterior 1/3 sensation and taste via glossopharyngeal
what ducts does the submandibular gland drain through
Wharton ducts
what ducts do the parotid glands drain through
Stenson ducts
why do salivary gland stones form
dehydration and reduced salvia flow
what can result from salivary gland stone
pain, swelling and infection (due to stasis of salvia)
what are the 3 phases of swallowing
oral preparatory
pharyngeal
oesphageal
what happens in the oral phase of swallowing
the intrinsic muscles of the tongue push the bolus to the back of the mouth
what muscle is involved in the oral phase of swallowing
hypoglossal
what happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing
- food is sensed at the back of the oropharynx by the glossopharyngeal nerve
- soft palate elevates to close off nasopharynx
- pharyngeal longitudinal muscles elevate larynx and pharynx
- epiglottis closes off vocal cords
- Upper oesophageal sphincter opens
- bolus moves due to contractions of pharyngeal constrictors
what happens in the oesophageal phase of swallowing
contraction of the striated muscle in the upper oesophagus
how can damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve cause difficulty swallowing
this senses the bolus at the back of the nasopharynx to cause the gag reflex
lesion of which nerve can cause uvula deviation
vagus nerve
what does lesions of the hypoglossal nerve cause
tongue wasting and deviation
what are neurological causes of dysphagia
stroke, neurological disease and dementia
do you have more difficultly with liquids or solids in neurological causes of dysphagia
liquids - as this is harder to coordinate to swallow
do you have more difficultly with liquids or solids in obstructive causes of dysphagia
solids - as these can get stuck on the obstructions
name the 3 longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
what do the 3 pharyngeal longitudinal muscles do
elevate the pharynx and larynx
what is the nerve supply to the 3 longitudinal muscles
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve
what do the 3 circular pharyngeal muscles do
constrict the pharynx to allow movement of the bolus
what are the names of the 3 circular pharyngeal muscles
superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor
what nerve supplies the 3 circular pharyngeal muscles
vagus nerve
why can a pharyngeal pouch form
high pressure forces the pharynx between the weakness between 2 parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
name the 3 regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
what is found in the nasopharynx
adenoids
what is the nerve supply to the nasopharynx
maxillary
what is found in the oropharynx
palatine tonsils
what is the nerve supply to the oropharynx
glossopharyngeal
what is found in the laryngopharynx
pisiform fossae
what is the nerve supply to the laryngopharynx
vagus nerve
where does the nasopharynx start and end
starts at the base of the skull and ends at C1/2 spinal level
where does the oropharynx start and end
starts at the soft palate and ends at the epiglottis
