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Phase 1 - S3 Head and Neck > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of the larynx

A

act as a protective sphincter by stopping food entering the respiratory tract

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2
Q

what 3 single cartilages are found in the larynx

A

thyroid cartilage
circoid cartilage
epiglottis

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3
Q

what pair of cartilages articulate with the circoid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilages

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4
Q

what does movement at the articulation between the arytenoid and circoid cartilage allow

A

movement of the vocal cords

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5
Q

what is the quadrangular membrane

A

ligament connecting the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage

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6
Q

what are the aryepiglottic folds

A

the mucus membrane lined quadrangular membrane - this forms the boundary of the laryngeal inlet

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7
Q

what epithelia covers the larynx

A

pseudo stratified columnar epithelia

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8
Q

what epithelia covers the vocal cords

A

stratified squamous

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9
Q

what is the name of the false vocal cords

A

vestibular ligament

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10
Q

what is the vestibular ligament

A

thickening of the lower border of the quadrangular ligament

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11
Q

what makes up the vocal ligament

A

thickening of the upper border of the circothyroid ligament

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12
Q

what is the space between the vocal ligament and vestibular ligament called and what does it contain

A

the laryngeal ventricle contains mucus glands to keep the vocal cords moist

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13
Q

what 2 methods can be used to see the larynx

A

laryngoscope and a nasoendoscopy

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14
Q

what muscle acts to open/abduct the vocal cords

A

cricoarytenoid

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15
Q

what nerve supplies the intrinsic laryngeal muscle

A

recurrent laryngeal

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16
Q

which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and what is it supplied by

A

the cricothyroid muscle is supplied by the external branch of the laryngeal nerve

17
Q

what do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do

A

causes movement of the arytenoid/cricoid joint to allow movement of the vocal cords

18
Q

what happens to the vocal cords when speaking

A

they are adducted

19
Q

what happens to the vocal cords when coughing

A

they are initially adducted but the rise in intra-thoracic pressure causes them to suddenly abduct to expel a force of air

20
Q

what happens to the vocal cords when breathing

A

they remain abducted

21
Q

describe the root of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

L loops under arch of aorta
R loops under subclavian
both ascend up the trachea-oesophageal groove

22
Q

what is the motor and sensory innervations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A 
sensory = infra-epiglottis 
motor = all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
23
Q

what is the motor and sensory innervation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

A 
motor = cricothyroid 
sensory = supra-epiglottis
24
Q

what does a lesion of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve cause

A

hoarse voice when in a higher pitch

25
Q

what does the cricothyroid muscle do

A

stretched and tightens the vocal cords to allow higher pitches

26
Q

what does a unilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve result in

A

hoarse voice and ineffective cough

27
Q

what does bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve result in

A

paralysis of both vocal cords giving a severe airway obstruction

28
Q

what is laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

29
Q

what is epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

30
Q

what is croup

A

a viral infection leading to swelling/inflammation

31
Q

what nerve roots make up the cervical plexus

A

C1-4

32
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis

A

where the nerve roots C1-3 join and loop to form the nerve supply to the infra-hyoid muscles

33
Q

what structure do the infra-hyoid muscles overly

A

the thyroid gland

34
Q

what nerve roots does the phrenic nerve have

A

C3-5

35
Q

what is the motor innervation of the phrenic nerve

A

diaphragm

36
Q

what dermatomes does the cervical plexus supply sensory innervation

A

C2-4

37
Q

what areas are supplied sensory innervation by the cervical plexus

A

external ear
anterior neck
posteriosuperior scalp
suprascapular fossa

Phase 1 - S3 Head and Neck (13 decks)

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