Oral cavity and oropharynx

Question 1

roof of the mouth is formed by the [….]

Answer 1

palatine process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone (hard palate), as well as the soft palate and the uvula. The alveolar arches anteriorly (behind the lip).

Question 2

the floor of the mouth is formed by […]

Answer 2

the mandible, hyoid bone, myelohyoid, geniohyoid muscles, and digastric muscles.

Question 3

which muscle in the floor of the mouth acts to elevate the hyoid bone/or depress the mandible (open mouth), and has two belly’s

Answer 3

Digastric muscle

Question 4

which muscle runs from mandible to hyoid bone and acts to elevate the hyoid and tongue during speaking and swallowing?

Answer 4

mylohyoid muscle.

Question 5

which muscle runs from the geniod tubercles to the hyoid bone, acting to bring the hyoid bone upwards and forwards, assisting in respiration.

Answer 5

geniohyoid muscle

Question 6

on the tongues surface, the foramen caecum marks the development of ?

Answer 6

the thyroglosal duct

Question 7

the landmark dividing the anterior 2/3 of the tongue from the nodular posterior 1/3 of the tongue is ….

This area is lined with […] papillae.

Answer 7

sulcus terminalis

Valate (aka circumvallate).

Question 8

[….] papillae lining the anterior 2/3 of the tongue give the rough surface appearance and help to grib bolus of food as it goes down the oropharynx?

Answer 8

filiform

Question 9

which papillae are most visible/prominent on the ant 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 9

fungiform

Question 10

the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are (4): [….]

together they act to [,,,,,].

They are all innervated by CN […] except for the [….] muscle which is innervated by CN [….].

Answer 10

styloglossus
palatoglossus
genioglossus
hyoglossus

alter the position of the tongue.

XII (hypoglossal nerve), except for palatoglossus which is innervated by CN X (vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch).

Question 11

in a damaged state (ex lesion of hypoglossal nucleus), the tongue will deviate to the [….], due to […..]

Answer 11

side of the affected lesion

unopposed action

Question 12

the intrinsic muscles of the tongue are the (4) : […]

Together they act to [….].
They are all innervated by CN […]

Answer 12

inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, and transverse&vertical muscles.

XII (hypoglossal nerve)

Question 13

motor innervation of the tongue is supplied by [….], except for [….] which is innervated by […].

Answer 13

CN XII (hypoglossal)

palatoglossus, X (pharyngeal branch of vagus)

Question 14

sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by the [….] nerve (general sensory), and the […] nerve (special sensory).

The posterior 1/3 is supplied by the [….] nerve (general and special sensory).

Answer 14

lingual nerve of CN V
chorda tympani of CN VII (Facial nerve).

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).

Question 15

Sensory innervation to:

the upper teeth are supplies the […] nerve and the lower teeth are supplied by the [….] nerve.

Answer 15

superior alveolar nerve (maxillary division of trigeminal CN V)

inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular division of trigeminal CN V)

Question 16

where is the opening of the parotid duct in the oral cavity?

Answer 16

adjacent to the upper second molar.

Question 17

where is the opening of the submandibular gland in the oral cavity?

Answer 17

duct opens into the sublingual papillae

Question 18

where is the opening of the sublingual gland in the oral cavity?

Answer 18

duct opens directly into the floor of the mouth (under the tongue).

Question 19

the [….] arteries and veins network make the floor of the mouth a very vascularized surface, ideal for drug absorption.

Answer 19

lingual

Question 20

the roof of the oropharynx is formed by [….]

the floor of the oropharynx is formed by [….]

the lateral wall of the oropharynx is formed by [….]

Answer 20

soft palate and uvula

posterior 1/3 of tongue and epiglottis

palatopharyngeal arches (mucosa sitting over the palatopharyngeal muscles)

Question 21

removal of the palatopharyngeal arches and palatine tonsils at an early age is cautioned because […]

Answer 21

they have an important role in priming the immune system

Question 22

the soft palate functions to seal the nasal cavity during […..], and also to seal the oral cavity during [….]

Answer 22

coughing, swallowing, and suction.

during chewing food to allow unimpeded breathing.

Question 23

5 supporting the structure and movement of soft palate:

These are all innervated by [….] nerve, except for [….] muscle which is innervated by the [….].

Answer 23

tensor veli pallatini
levator veli pallatini
musculus uvulae
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus

pharyngeal branches of vagus (CN X) except for tensor veli pallatini, innervated by CN V (trigeminal).

Question 24

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

Structures composing it?

Answer 24

Waldeyer’s ring is a ring (incomplete ring) of lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx and oropharynx at the entrance to the aerodigestive tract.

The structures composing this ring are:

• palatine tonsils (also called the faucial tonsils)
• adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils)
• the lateral bands on the lateral walls of the oropharynx
• lingual tonsils at the base of the tongue