Nasal Cavity Nasopharynx

Question 1

The lateral nasal wall is made up of which 8 bones?

Answer 1

maxilla inferiorly, palatine bone posteriorly, inferior-middle-superior concha medially, sphenoidal bone superio-posteriorly, ethmoidal bone superiorly, and frontal bone anteriorly.

Question 2

medial nasal wall is made up of which

Answer 2

septal cartilage, cribiform plate of ethmoid bone, and vomer bone

Question 3

[…] is the space between the medial and lateral walls of the nose

Answer 3

posterior nares.

Question 4

damage to the ethmoid bone as a result of nasal fracture is dangerous because…

Answer 4

intimately associated with meninges, could lead to infection, hemorrhage, and CSF leak (rhinorrhea)

Question 5

area of the nose you can stick your finger into is called the ?

Answer 5

vestibule

Question 6

mucosa of the medial nasal wall is highly vascularized. It’s mucosa is also divided in terms of specialization. explain.

Answer 6

superior 1/3 is olfactory mucosa.

Posterior 2/3 is ciliated respiratory mucosa and continous with lower airways.

Question 7

the inferior concha/turbinate is its own bone, whereas the middle and superior concha/turbinate are projections of the […..]. Together the concha function to….

Answer 7

lateral plate of the ethmoid bone

warm/humidify air up before it’s passsage to the lower airways.

Question 8

[….] are the spaces between each concha/turbinate. They contain drainage openings/ostia for the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 8

meati (meatus’s)

Question 9

which sinus is most prone to infection and most problematic for dentists? Why?

Answer 9

maxillary sinus. close proximity to roots of upper teeth. maxillary sinus ostia is at the level of the nasal cavity (as opposed to other sinus ostia located superiorly), thus must rely on ciliary movement to get mucous/bacteria exclusively out, rather than aid of gravity.

Question 10

the middle ethmoidal cells open out of the [….] in the middle meatus

Answer 10

bulla ethmoidalis

Question 11

sphenoid sinus opens out through the [….] recess.

Answer 11

sphenoethmoidal

Question 12

opening of frontal sinus and anterior ethmoidal air cells is through [….]

Answer 12

frontal nasal duct at superior portion of hiatus semilunaris, located in the middle meatal space

Question 13

opening of the maxillary sinus is at the [….]

Answer 13

base of the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatal space.

Question 14

the lacrimal gland communicates with the inferior meatal space via the [….]. When the lacrimal duct is overwhelmed tears will redirect down into the inferior meatus.

Answer 14

nasolacrimal duct.

Question 15

the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries supply the [….] quadrant of the nasal cavity bilateraly. They are a branch off the […] artery.

Answer 15

superior

ophthalmic.

Question 16

the posterior quadrant of the medial wall and lateral wall both get their blood supply from the same […..] artery, a branch of the [……]

Answer 16

sphenopalatine.

external carotid.

Question 17

the lateral nasal wall is supplies by lateral branches of the […] artery.

Answer 17

facial artery

Question 18

arterial anastamoses occur primarly in the [……] of the medial nasal wall, making this area particularly vulnerable to damage & epistaxis.

Answer 18

anterior quadrant

Question 19

the [….] artery supplies the posterior quadrant of both the medial and lateral nasal wall.

Answer 19

greater palatine

Question 20

the […] artery supplies both the anterior and posterior quadrant of the medial nasal wall.

Answer 20

superior labial

Question 21

the superior border of the pharynx is at the level of the […], and the inferior border is at [….].
The pharynx components are:
Nasopharynx——–>[….]—–>laryngopharynx

Answer 21

skull base

C6/lower border of cricoid cartilage

oropharynx

Question 22

the three constrictor muscles involved in swallowing are: [….] and they project posteriorly to the [….]

Answer 22

superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles. They contract sequentially to move the food bolus posteriorly.

median raphe.

Question 23

the opening of the auditory tube in the nasopharynx is important for […..]. The cartilagenous portion of the auditory tube is attached to the [….] muscle, which contracts to pull on the auditory tube, allowing it to equalize.

Answer 23

maintaining equal pressure between environment (through nasal cavity) and the middle ear.

salpingopharyngeus muscle. (salpinx is latin for tube)

Question 24

the phayngeal tonsils (adenoids) located at the posterior of the nasopharynx can become inflamed causing….

Answer 24

obstruction of nasopharynx, problems with sleep, and nasal sounding voice since nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are important for sound resonation.