Oral Care Products Flashcards
oral care market
retail sales grew by ____% in current terms for 2023 to PHP41.6B
14%
oral care market
___________________ is the best performing category, with retail value sales rising by 21% to PHP279M
mouth fresheners
oral care market
_____________________ is the leading player, with retail value share of 44%
Colgate-Palmolive Phils.
oral care market
retail sales are set to increase at a current value CAGR of ____% to reach PHP72.1B
12%
Strong link between good oral health and ______________ was a key factor in the growing demand for oral care
overall health
T/F: In this generation, there is a a decreasing interest and focus on the use of natural ingredients, including probiotics, baking soda, charcoal, and green tea
False. There is a growing interest and focus on their use
Most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body
human oral cavity
this part of the human tooth is the visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)
crown
this part of the human tooth sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces
root
this part of the human tooth is the boundary between root and crown
neck
this part of the human tooth is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws, and surrounds the neck of the teeth
gingiva
this part of the human tooth is a soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.
dental cavity (pulp cavity)
Identify the part of the tooth:
Hardest substance in the human body
enamel
Identify the part of the tooth:
Prevents the tooth from wearing away under pressure of chewing
enamel
Identify the part of the tooth:
Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
dentin
Identify the part of the tooth:
Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root
cementum
Identify the part of the tooth:
Contains calcium hydroxyapatite which starts to dissolve below pH 5.5.
enamel
Identify the part of the tooth:
Forms the largest portion of the tooth
dentin
Identify the part of the tooth:
Binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone, and anchored in the jaw by the periodontal ligament
cementum
About the enamel:
______________ and _____________ impacts enamel hardness and strength
Demineralization and remineralization
Identify the part of the tooth:
More porous, softer, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay and wear if exposed
dentin
Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth
plaque
Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization
dental caries
Hardened plaque that causes yellowish brown discoloration to the teeth
dental calculus
Infection of the gums that can progress to affect bone that surround and support the teeth
gum disease (periodontal disease)
Brief episodes of sharp well-localized pain when subjected to various stimuli
tooth sensitivity
Spots or small areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of teeth color
dental stains (teeth discoloration)
Oral malodor due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease
bad breath (halitosis)
Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh
toothpaste (oral dentrifice)
Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene
mouthwash (oral or mouth rinse)
Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons. Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration
tooth whitening products (bleaching products)
Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush
tooth powder
Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums
dental floss
T/F: toothpaste improves the chemical cleaning power of a toothbrush
False. Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush
T/F: Mouthwashes are used after brushing for more effective cleaning effect
True
It is the Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting
Dental fluorosis
T/F: Dental fluorosis may be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children, but the spots and stains left on the teeth are not permanent and may lighten over time
False. Spots and stains left on the teeth are permanent and may darken over time
Toothpaste:
- ________ cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
- Intended to ________ the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
- Protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and ________________
mild
freshen
gum diseases
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Insoluble inorganic ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains
abrasives
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Aid in cleaning and foaming
surfactants
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property
thickeners (binders)
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Used to neutralize thickeners
pH regulators
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level, and provide shine and some plasticity to the paste
humectants
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations, which is used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids, and act as carrier for other ingredients
water
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations
preservatives
T/F: In using abrasives, hardness, toughness, chemical inertness, and particle size and shape should be considered
True
T/F: Calcium-based abrasives should be avoided in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride since formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration
True
T/F: Surfactants consist of anionic surfactants with powerful cleaning efficacy and compatible with other ingredients
True
T/F: Thickeners are hydrophilic colloids that disperse and shrink in the water phase of the toothpaste
False. Hydrophilic colloids that disperse and SWELL in the water phase of the toothpaste
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Important for product acceptability, but are used in low concentrations and for masking taste of raw materials
sweetening agents
T/F: Sweetening agents are used in low concentrations because they are potential contributors to dental caries, and may undergo fermentation by microflora
False. Although sweetness may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences
flavoring agents
T/F: Mint flavors dominate adult toothpastes, while bubble gum and fruit aromas in children products
True
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to make colored striped products
coloring agents
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath
natural ingredients
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
To prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay
anticaries components
T/F: anticaries components may include fluoride or non-fluoride components
True
T/F: Fluoride initiates and speeds up remineralization and slows down demineralization
True
T/F: Allowable total fluoride 25-300 ppm for 2 yrs. and above 9250
ppm for 6 yrs. and above
False. Allowable total fluoride 850-1150 ppm for 2 yrs. and above 1500 ppm for 6 yrs. and above
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis
antiplaque and antigingivitis components
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
antihypersensitivity agents
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Also known as crystal growth inhibitors, which prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Non-bleaching whitening products contain agents that work by physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.
whitening ingredients
T/F: Abrasives may provide whitening action as they remove stains from the teeth.
True
T/F: negatively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to positively-charged stain molecules
False. Positively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to negatively-charged stain molecules
T/F: Bleaching agents change the natural tooth color. They contain peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that help remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains
True
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
hydrated silica, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate
abrasives
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth phosphate
surfactants
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, xanthan gum
thickeners (binders)
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium hydroxide
pH regulators
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol
humectants
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, parabens
preservatives
Classify the toothpaste ingredient:
acesulfame, aspartame, sodium saccharin
sweetening agents
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
peppermint and spearmint oil, thymol, clove oil
flavoring agents
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
titanium dioxide and mica
inorganic pigments; coloring agents
Classify the ingredients:
echinacea, myrrh, chamomile
natural ingredients
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, and stannous fluoride
Fluoride components; anticaries components
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
zinc, tin, aluminum
metals; anticaries components
This is an antiplaque and antigingivitis component that acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes
stannous fluoride
This is an antiplaque and antigingivitis component that is an antibacterial agent widely used in toothpastes, deodorants, and soaps
triclosan
What component of antihypersensitivity agents that desensitize nerve endings?
Potassium components like potassium nitrate (at 5%), potassium chloride, and potassium citrate
What antihypersensitivity agents reduce the permeability of dentin and prevent the nerve endings from being stimulated
Strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (at 0.454%), and calcium sodium phosphosilicate
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHM)
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monoglycerides
surfactants
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
carrageenan, carbomer, clays
thickeners (binders)
Odd-man-out:
menthol, sorbitol, cinnamon oil, eucalyptol oil
sorbitol: humectant or sweetening agent
The rest: flavoring agents
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
Blue 1 and Red 33
organic pigments; coloring agents
Odd-man-out:
manganese, molybdenum, calcium, iron
calcium: non-fluoride caries ingredients, along with phosphates
others: metals
What natural ingredient is a by-product of bees?
propolis
What ingredient is both a natural ingredient and an abrasive?
hydrated silica
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
zinc citrate, zinc chloride, zinc lactate
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
T/F: Hydrated silica both acts as an abrasive and natural ingredients
True
Classify the toothpaste ingredients:
copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA)
anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
Identify the toothpaste ingredient:
Flavors freshen breath by masking the bad odor.
antimalodor ingredients
T/F: The action of antimalodor ingredients is temporary because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring ingredients
True
T/F: Antibacterial agents may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath.
True
Given that the other function of triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride is being an malodorant, what are their other functions?
triclosan: antiplaque and antigingivitis components
zinc: a metal, anticaries component
stannous fluoride: antiplaque and antigingivitis components, and a fluoride anticaries component
Rheology of toothpastes
Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield stress) is applied on them
Bingham plastic
Rheology of toothpastes
Stays viscous until force is applied; viscosity reverts to original high value when shear force is removed
Pseudoplastic (shear thinning)
T/F: In a Bingham plastic rheology, the toothpaste Does not flow out of an open container if no pressure is used and can “stand up” on the brush without running into bristles of the brush or rolling off the sides
True
Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
mouthwash
T/F: Mouthwashes may help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation
True
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Acts as vehicle for the other ingredients
solvents
This mouthwash ingredient, acting as a solvent, has antibacterial activity, acts as astringent, and contributes to fresh feeling.
Alcohol
Alcohol may also help stabilize the product by solubilizing ____________
flavoring oils
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Increases product viscosity and produces good mouthfeel
humectants
humectants inhibit “_______________” around the closure
crystallization
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Can provide foaming action on use, and contribute to cleansing effect. Used to solubilize flavoring oils and stabilize the product
surfactants
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Serve as temporary deodorizers that mask bad breath
astringent
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Protect water/humectant system from microbial growth
preservatives
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Refreshing effect and pleasant note over the breath aroma
flavoring agents
T/F: Sweeteners, colorants, and natural ingredients are incorporated in mouthwash formulations.
True
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
glycerin, and sorbitol
humectants
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
poloxamers, polysorbates, and anionic components
surfactants
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
zinc chloride, ethanol, and witch hazel
astringent
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
ethanol, benzoates, and parabens
preservatives
Odd-man-out:
mint, menthol, peppermint oil, strontium chloride
strontium chloride: antihypersensitivity agents
the rest: flavoring agents
Odd-man-out:
eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, pyrophosphates, bubble gum
pyrophosphates: antitartar agents
the rest: flavoring agents
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate
anticaries agents
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
potassium nitrate, strontium chloride
antihypersensitivity agents
Classify the mouthwash ingredient:
pyrophosphates, PVM/MA
antitartar agents
T/F: Antiplaque/antigingivitis agents include essential oils and triclosan
True
This antiplaque/antigingivitis agent effectively reduces plaque formation and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine
T/F: Chlorhexidine may stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation
True
This antiplaque/antigingivitis agent may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Identify the mouthwash ingredient:
Include bleaching and non-bleaching agents
whitening agents
This oral care product involves an oxidative process that alters the light-absorbing or light-reflecting nature of the tooth structure, thereby increasing perception of whiteness
tooth whitening aids
In tooth whitening aids, free radical produced by __________________ interact with pigment molecules to produce whitening effect
hydrogen peroxide
T/F: Tooth whitening aids contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, and available as gels, solutions, or strips
True
This oral care product is a thin filament used to clean areas in the oral cavity, which are more difficult to reach with a toothbrush
Dental floss
T/F: Dentists recommend flossing after brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth
False. Dentists recommend flossing PRIOR to brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth
This oral care product is made from waxed/non-waxed nylon, Teflon filaments, or plastic monofilaments. May include flavoring agents, waxes, and active ingredients
Dental floss
This oral care product is described to be a strip of waxed/non-waxed nylon or polyethylene fiber. Has a very thin, almost rectangular cross section that helps clean wider spaces between the teeth compared to the floss
Dental tape
What are the performance parameters of oral care products?
Antibacterial activity, Whitening Activity, and Hypersensitivity Reduction
In an antibacterial activity in vitro test, it is performed using oral pathogens like _____________, ____________, _____________, ____________, and ____________, using the agar well diffiusion method.
Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis
Antibacterial activity
__________ test involves human volunteers who use toothpaste or mouthwash formulations for a predetermined period of time. _________ samples before, during, and after the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and __________________ are counted and compared.
In vivo; saliva; microbial colonies
Whitening activity
In vitro test is performed on teeth removed from animals. Sample teeth may be stained and treated with whitening product. Color is evaluated using a ______________, _______________, or by ____________
spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or by image analysis
T/F: In evaluating the whitening activity of an oral care product, in vivo test may also be done on human volunteers
True
Identify the performance parameter:
Product evaluation is conducted by dental professionals in a clinical study that would determine the efficacy of a desensitizing product compared to placebo, negative, or positive control.
Hypersensitivity reduction
