Oral Cancer

Question 1

What percent of oral or pharyngeal cancers are squamous cell in origin?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

95% of oral cancers occurs in people older than what?

Answer 2

40

Question 3

Median age of diagnosis for oral cancer.

Answer 3

63

Question 4

A biological process in which large areas of cells are affected by a carcinogenic alteration.

Answer 4

Field Cancerization

Question 5

% change of a second primary tumor.

Answer 5

3-7% (higher than any other tumor).

Question 6

Oral cancer 5-year survival rate.

Answer 6

Less than 66%

Question 7

Late dx symptoms of oral cancer:

Answer 7

• Pain
• A mass
• Bleeding
• Otalgia (ear pain)
• Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
• Numbness

Question 8

The number one predisposing factor to oral cancer.

Answer 8

Previous oral cancer

Question 9

The proportion of people with the disease that test positive.

Answer 9

Sensitivity

Question 10

The proportion of people without the disease that test negative.

Answer 10

Specificity

Question 11

An ideal test will have ___ sensitivity and ___ specificity.

Answer 11

high; high

Question 12

Most Toluidine Blue Staining studies for oral cancer show high or low sensitivity?

Answer 12

High!

Question 13

Chemiluminescence shows what kind of specificity?

Answer 13

LOW

Question 14

Many benign lesions appear what color in chemiluminescence?

Answer 14

Acetowhite

Question 15

This dinucleotide is associated with metabolic activity in cells.

Answer 15

FAD

Question 16

How is the fluorescence and concentration of FAD affected with cell turnover and dysplasia.

Answer 16

Decreases in cell turnover and dysplasia.

Question 17

What happens to fluorescence as collagen is broken down from cancer?

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

Areas of the mouth with naturally keratinized squamous epithelium.

Answer 18

Attached gingiva

Hard palate

Question 19

How is the intensity of fluorescence affected in dysplasia?

Answer 19

It DECREASES

Question 20

Tissue components that decrease fluorescence.

Answer 20

1) Melanin

2) Blood (Hemoglobin)

Question 21

What are these indications for? :

1) To enhance visualization or abnormalities that may lead to oral cancer and that may not be apparent or visible to the naked eye.
2) The device is also intended to be used by surgeons to help identify diseased tissue around a clinically apparent lesion and thus aid in determining the appropriate margin for surgical excision.

Answer 21

VELscope

Question 22

These biomarkers are located in saliva.

Answer 22

mRNA and MicroRNA