Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pedo Exam > Oral bacteria and systemic disease > Flashcards

Oral bacteria and systemic disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is a “super organism”

A

co-evolution of the host and microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do we need beneficial microbes? (4 reasons)

A
  1. the produce metabolic activity
  2. they inhibit pathogens
  3. they produce a balanced ecosystem
  4. they activate the immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: there is a systemic and oral connection

A

True

bacteria in the mouth interact with the host in complex ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What used to be thought about microbes and what do we think now? (paradigm shift)

A

“germs”–>”human-microbe super-organism”

We used to think all bacteria were pathogens; now we know certain microbes (native ones) are essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is Koch’s postulate?

A

that a single species pathogenic microbe causes disease

PROVEN WRONG: it is disruption of microbial community that causes chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

paradigm has shifted to microbial ecology…what does this mean?

A

instead of using broad spectrum drugs (antibiotics and antiseptics) to eradicate large amounts of bacteria–>

use probiotics, prebiotics, and TARGETED antimicrobials to maintain a good microbial community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is functional redundancy

A

different bacteria in a microbiome can carry out the same function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two projects called that sequenced human genes and bacterial genes?

A

Human Genome Project

Human Microbiome Project

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did we learn about the human and microbiome genes from the projects conducted?

A

Microbiome has much more genetic information than the human genome (20,000-25,000 human genes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is biogeography

A

explains that we have a variety of bacteria in our body and each has a specific site(s) it likes to colonize

environments wet vs dry would attract different microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does biogeography help us with investigating infection?

A

if find bacteria in heart that doesn’t usually live in heart but lives in mouth, then we can infer that infection started in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what bacteria is prominent in the oral cavity?

A

streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

there has been new evidence that suggests a connection between oral infection (periodontal disease) and what 2 systemic diseases?

A

CVD

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Theory of focal infection

A

removing the “focus of infection” (oral infection) can resolve a systemic disease

(been around since Hippocrates!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is “therapeutic edentulation”

A

used to think that removing teeth and tonsils could cure systemic diseases including mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

epidemiologic studies can show association but do not show…..

A

CAUSATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

three mechanisms for oral connections with systemic

A
  1. infection presents in distant site seeded by oral bacteria (aspirate or enter into circulatory system)
  2. injury presents from toxin produced by bacteria in the oral cavity (if endotoxin from gram negative bacteria enter circulatory system)
  3. if host is very susceptible to inflammation, it creates common pathway to disease (if genetically susceptible can increase risk in getting systemic disease including periodontitis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is meant by hematogenous spread

A

spread through blood (bacteremia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how can bacteremia be prevented

A

antibiotic prophylaxis

improve oral health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is used for antibiotic prophylaxis (dose)

A

high dose of amoxicillin 1 hr prior to dental tx

bacteriocidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

infective endocarditis

  • definition
  • course of infection
  • concerns
A

infective endocarditis is a bacterial infection of the heart that starts at a distant site (oral cavity) and spreads through the blood

platelets and fibrin bind to exposed connective tissues which attract bacteria and form clots-bacteria multiply and enter heart tissue

special considerations in dental chair
concerned with emboli or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: there is no evidence that dental procedures are associated with infective endocarditis (IE)

A

TRUE!

in practice, antibiotic prophylaxis actually does not prevent bacteremia and unlikely will prevent IE

23
Q

what is better to prevent IE….antibiotic prophylaxis or good oral health?

A

good oral health

24
Q

which strains of streptococci are in the oral microbiome?

A

mutans
mitis
sanguis

make up 60% of oral bacteria

25
Q

what are the three major strains of bacteria found in the mouth

A

streptococcus
Aa
Gemella

SAG (first letter is most prominent group)

26
Q

what can cause IE more than dental procedures?

A

routine chewing, brushing can cause IE!

27
Q

what is most associated with high risk for bacteremia (IE)

A

poor oral hygiene and gingival disease

28
Q

what is of concern with patients that have compromised airway protective reflexes?

A

Pneumonia is very common

  • important to keep the oral hygiene of these people very GOOD!
  • aspirate bacteria into lung
29
Q

explain the relationship between periodontitis and preterm birth, low birthweight, and pre-eclampsia

A

periodontitis in the mother is associated with PTB, LBW and pre-eclampsia but there is NO evidence to prove CAUSAL relationship

bacteria has been found in amniotic fluid (common to oral cavity) that is associated with preterm birth

30
Q

what three things need to be considered before treating an immunosupressive patient

A
  1. bacterial load
  2. how invasive is the procedure
  3. degree of immunosuppresion
31
Q

what do we know about immunosuppression and its relationship to dental treatment

A

there is lack of evidence to show connection between dental treatment or efficacy of antibiotics in immunosuppressive patients

32
Q

immunosuppressive patients are at high risk for what 2 things

A

disseminated strep

oral candida

33
Q

do we need antibiotic prophylaxis prior to treating patient with an implanted device?

A

NO

34
Q

what type of bacteria causes infection in an implanted device?

A

skin bacteria

not oral

35
Q

when should you defer treatment for immunosuppressive patient unless Doc okays

A

if ANC level is below 1000/m3

36
Q

what type of bacteria is staphylococcus?

A

skin bacteria

37
Q

do we need antibiotic prophylaxis for vascular grafts/stents?

A

NO

38
Q

why do we not need to give antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with vascular graft/stent if mortality rate is so high?

A

infections are caused by skin/bowel bacteria not oral bacteria

39
Q

how to prevent infection in intravascular access device

what bacteria usually causes infection?

A

prevent infection with good infection control and monitoring

do not need antibiotic prophylaxis

infection usually by staph (skin bacteria)

40
Q

what bacteria primarily infects joint prostheses

A

staph (skin bacteria)

41
Q

is there evidence shown for antibiotic prophylaxis for joint prostheses

A

primary antibiotic prophylaxis: evidence shows needed for joint prostheses placement

Do not need secondary antibiotic prophylaxis: to prevent infection from distant site later on

42
Q

what type of bacteria causes infection in bone pins, plates and screws

A

staph

not oral bacteria

no antibiotic prophylaxis needed

43
Q

AP for cerebralspinal fluid shunt?

A

No

skin bacteria infects

vascular structures not involved

44
Q

what is the best way to prevent oral bacterial products and pro-inflammatory molecules from getting into circulation

A

good oral hygiene

45
Q

T/F: periodontitis and diabetes are linked

A

True

46
Q

if diabetic patient has periodontal disease (high prevalence)

A

treating periodontitis can improve glycemic control

can increase inflammation since they have synergistic effect

47
Q

oral bacteria and CVS

evidence shows…

A

modest association

not causal relationship

bacterial toxins could be a mechanism

48
Q

which bacteria has been shown on animal models to exacerbate CVD

A

p. gingivalis

49
Q

what bacteria has been found on athersclerotic lesions

A

p. gingivalis

50
Q

peridontitis and pancreatic cancer

evidence shows…

A

patients with periodontitis have increased risk of pancreatic cancer

also linked to smoking, obesity, diabetes

51
Q

is AP indicated if have a patient with mitral valve replacement?

A

YES!

52
Q

systemic diseases that have oral connection by direct transfer of bacteria (4)

A
  1. IE
  2. immunosupression
  3. pneumonia
  4. preterm birth
53
Q

systemic diseases that have oral connection by common pathway (3)

A
  1. pancreatic cancer
  2. diabetes (type 2)
  3. CVD
54
Q

do we need to do AP for patient undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy?

A

YES

case by case but usually we do because patient can easily get infection in the blood

Pedo Exam (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions