Fluoride and dental caries Flashcards
what is the ideal fluoride concentration in water and why is this the best amount of fluoride
1 ppm
because it maximizes caries benefit and minimizes fluorosis
what is the general trend between fluorosis and water fluoridation
the higher the concentration of fluoride; the higher prevalence of fluorosis
can you get fluorosis from topical application of fluoride?
no
only from ingestion
does fluoridated water benefit the individual before tooth eruption
NO
teeth must erupt to get benefit from topical fluoride
what must occur in order to have continue benefit of water fluoridation
must have continuous usage of water that is fluoridated throughout life
what is the key in reducing prevalence of severe caries in the population
using topical products in addition to water fluoridation
ex: toothpastes
why is water fluoridation so effective
frequent exposure to low concentration of fluoride (topical aspect)
what happens during secretory stage of forming enamel and what happens with high levels of F- ion
ameloblasts lay down protein matrix for crystal rod structure and form rods
high levels of F- ion can cause pitting and disturbances in form
what happens during maturation stage of forming enamel and what happens when there is high level of F- ion
ameloblasts fill in the rods/crystal structure with mineral
high F- ion causes disruptions in crystal formation and we see chalky white and weakness of enamel
what is “post-eruptive enamel maturation”
the idea that the tooth when erupt is not completely pure
saliva and fluoride are exposed to the erupted tooth and perfects the impurities
- phosphate replaces carbonate
- calcium replaces sodium
- fluoride replaces hydroxyl
at what pH does hydroxyapatite begin to dissolve
5.5
at what pH does fluorohydroxyapatite begin to dissolve
4.5
why are young teeth more susceptible to caries?
because when they first erupt they are not fully matured…they strength overtime that they are exposed to fluoride and saliva
when there are F- ions what happens the the hydroxyapatite crystals when they demineralize and then remineralize? what is the new material called?
fluorhydroxyapatite
why does the tooth dissolve susurface first and the outer shell of enamel stays intact
there is F on the surface making the surface less soluble than the inside
what is true about the surface of white spot lesions
has higher concentrations of fluoride than surrounding areas
what is the contraindication for dental care for a patient with white spots or fluorosis
do not want to polish
will remove that very thin layer of hard enamel that makes up the outer shell
what is another area on the tooth that has higher concentration of F- ion levels
areas covered by dental plaque
what is an area on the tooth that contains LOW levels of F- ion
abrasion, erosion
what is the concentration of fluoride in toothpaste
1000
what is a prescription toothpaste called and how much more fluoride concentration is there than in regular toothpaste
Prevident
5000x
how do Ca F globules attach to the tooth
what type of effect do they have
after application of fluoride these globules rest on the tooth surface but do not stably attach
they release F- ion in low level of acidity
this is why good to not eat/drink 30 min after fluoride application
cariostatic effect
what are 4 ways CaF globule deposition can be increased
- increase exposure time
- decrease pH
- increase concentration of F-
- protecting or limit rinsing or cover with varnish
what minerals supersaturate saliva so teeth don’t dissolve
calcium and phosphate
