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Geography IB > (Options) Extreme Environments General > Flashcards

(Options) Extreme Environments General Flashcards

1
Q

Why are cold places cold?

A

Latitude
Albedo
Aspect
Altitude

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2
Q

Why are hot places hot?

A

West Coast Deserts
Continentality
Rain Shadows
Sub-tropical high Pressure

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3
Q

Desertification

A

Process by which deserts expand - land becomes desert (environmental issue)

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4
Q

Top of Glacier

A

Zone of accumulation - Snowfall > Snowmelt

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5
Q

Bottom of Glacier

A

Zone of ablation - Snowmelt > Snowfall

terminal end of glacier

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6
Q

How does a Glacier move?

A 
Plastic Deformation (friction)
Basal Sliding (meltwater)
Glacial Creep (friction)
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7
Q

Equilibrium Line

A

Snowfall = Snowmelt

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8
Q

Glacier in Winter

A

more accumulation than ablation = glacier advances

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9
Q

Glacier in Summer

A

more ablation than accumulation = glacier retreats

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10
Q

Glacial Erosion

A

Plucking
Freeze Thaw
Abrasion

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11
Q

Glacial Landforms: Upper Erosional

A 
Corrie (Cirque)
Arete / Pyramidal Peak
Corrie Lip
Tarne (Corrie Lake)
Bergschrund
Scree
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12
Q

Glacial Landforms: Lower Erosional

A

Glacial - trough / U-shaped Valley (Truncated Spurs)
Hanging Valley
Ribbon Lake

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13
Q

Glacial Landforms: Deposition

A

(*Not Sorted) // Till:
Moraine
Drumlin
Erratic

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14
Q

Scree

A

Little bits of rock come of from freeze-thaw

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15
Q

Truncated Spur

A

A ridge that descends towards a valley floor from a higher elevation

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16
Q

Terminal Moraine

A

At Glacier Snout - Maximum advance of glacier

17
Q

Lateral Moraine

A

At glacier edge / meets valley side

18
Q

Medial Moraine

A

Merge of lateral moraines from merging glaciers in glacier centre

19
Q

Arid

A

Less than 250mm of precipitation a year

20
Q

Semi-Arid

A

250-500mm of precipitation a year

21
Q

Rivers in Deserts

A

Exotic - Source in another environment, flow through desert
Endoreic - Drain into inland lake or sea
Ephemeral - Flow seasonally / after storms (high discharge and sediment levels)

22
Q

Weathering in Deserts

A

Salt Crystallisation

Exfoliation (onion skin)

23
Q

Wind Erosion in Deserts

A

Deflation

Abrasion

24
Q

(Deserts) Processes for Transport of Sediment by Wind

A

Traction or Creep
Saltation
Suspension

25
Q

Desert Landforms: Erosional

A 
Deflation Hollow (Deflation)
Sand Dunes
Barachan or Barkhan Dune
Wind Ripples
Coastal Dunes
Pedestals (mushroom rock)
Yardang
Oasis
Inselburgs (messes & buttes)
26
Q

Desert Landforms: Deposition

A

Wadi
Alluvial Fan
Playa Lake (salt pans)

27
Q

Glacial Landforms: Meltwater

A 
(*sorted)
Sandurs (outwash plains + braided streams)
Eskers
Kames / Kame Terraces
Kettle Holes

Geography IB (14 decks)

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