GI6 - Political Outcomes Case Studies Flashcards
1
Q
Trade Bloc
A
EU
- 500mn people, 28 countries (to be 27)
- citizens work, study, travel, retire anywhere EU
- Goods (single market, no levies), services, people, capital moved freely
- Money moved bank anywhere EU
- Houses bought + sold Eu citizens EU
- Free health care travelling EU
- originally response growth trade; now political
- euro (might eventually all same currency)
- Single Market = reduction price (40% drop price phone calls 2000 to 2006), 3mn new jobs created
- Schengen = strengthen EU external borders, no checks internal (group 26 countries no passport/immigration controls - UK not in)
- Erasmus+ programme to tackle youth unemployment; EU Youth Strategy promotes equal opportunities in education + employment
- regulations environmental / pollution problems e.g. food safety rules, cigarettes packing warnings, disposal e-waste
- Charter of fundamental rights; cooperate police etc.
- European Parliament decides laws/ supervises EU work
2
Q
Loss of Sovereignty
A
Britain + EU
- EU = law making to Brussels from UK gov (loss power)
- not like homogenisation of laws
- 300yrs constitution free external influence until EU membership = upheaval
- feel Gov cease sovereign; GB cease sovereign state
- European commission sets laws in motion but must be agreed by politicians each member state
- (Germany 84% laws adopted EU origin)
- (Lithuanian gov EU laws directly affect = 30%)
- 16,980 EU acts in force; 2007 gained 2,017 (where annually gain 942 1998-2007)
- Lisbon treaty = legislative impact EU grow - moves national to EU level things like foreign policy, defence (largest transfer powers EU history)
- Law EU route rarely scrutinised + can’t be changed (broken democracy) but GB representations discussions
- Membership EU = accept will majority
3
Q
EU and flow of goods
A
EU extending tariffs shoes China/Vietnam 2006
- Chinese tariffs = 16.5%
- Vietnamese = 10%
- some opposed - damages trade + reputation + makes consumers pay more (Eu protectionism bad)
- benefits EU shoemakers but signals to failing European companies be protected competition EU
- basis = no/lower tariff = chinese shoe’s flood EU market + out-compete so bring prices up make uncompetitive
4
Q
EU and flow of labour
A
EU tightens border controls in Schengen
- EU proposal allow Govs recall border controls faced with elevated flows migrants
- 25,000 illegal migrants N Africa arrive Italy
- Influx = Fr/I tension (I complains not getting help from EU partners with influx people fleeing political turmoil + violence in Tunisia + Libya) - Fr stopped migrants arriving by train from Italy
- may need temp limited border controls under exceptional circumstances Schengen
5
Q
EU and flow of capital
A
EU/UK
- world’s largest trading bloc worth £3.17 trillion year
- ‘leave’ cite cost membership drawnback - ‘remain’ trade + investment benefits outweigh cost
- EU huge potential UK businesses (access wealth international expertise + investment; array cultures etc)
- need localised sales strategy - EU provides insight cultures
6
Q
Loss of Sovereignty - TNCs
A
Walmart
- world’s largest retailer
- 400+bn annual revenues eclipse GDPs over 170 countries (e.g. Singapore $300bn GDP, Wal-mart $485bn GDP)
- 2,100,000 employees
- 2010 revenues = $421bn
- 10x sales Amazon
- 60% US pop lives within 5miles Walmart; 96% 20miles
7
Q
TNCs dominance
A
US multinationals
- less than 1% US companies, account 1/3 growth GDP
- 50% nation’s exports; over 1/3 imports
- helped pull global economy out recession
- US one most attractive markets multinational companies but emerging markets = competition
- Companies pay 35% income tax, trump reduce to 20% to encourage industry back = employment
8
Q
TNCs + Marketing
A
Apple
- Inspires feelings in customers - resembles religious cult store opening - no comment rumours = stirs media frenzy - play press = air of mystery marketing strategy
- customers fly huge distance to queue days advance
- keep everything secretive
- staff whip up a frenzy
Red Bull
- Origins Thai drink - westernise tastes (carbonated e sugar)
- never discuss marketing techniques
- purchase companies/ teams outright - no sponsorship = complete control/ identity loss
- Austrian football team history/ identity erased (Red Bull Salzburg)
- 25% revenue spent marketing
- sells personality
9
Q
Anti-globalisation Movements
A
People’s Global Action
- network for spreading info + coordinating actions globally
Focus on the Global South (NGO 1995)
- Aims = dismantle oppressive economic + political structures/institutions / create liberating ones + promote demilitarisation + peace
- Paradigm of deglobalisation = basis work - transform global economy centred TNCs to centred people, communities, nations
10
Q
Nationalism
A
UK
- BNP policies - halt all immigration to UK, exit EU, increase tax global cooperations, increasing teaching GB history, charge foreign trucks UK roads, bank hols for national days
- BNP 1.9% vote 2010, 2 seats European parliament, 1 seat London Assembly, 1 council seat
- BNP some fighting globalisation, most racist + harm multi-cultural society reputation
- Britain First = patriotic political party formed 2011
- campaigns against multiculturalism, islamism, immigration, abortion
- 2016 petition to ban group
- Birmingham’s first Muslim MP condemned group
- propaganda condemned - used photoshop / false videos push ideas
11
Q
Secularisation
A
France
- 1905 law separated state + religion = neutrality state + freedom religious expression
- 2004 voted ban religious symbols = students can’t wear headscarves, crosses etc. to make students equal / promote idea being french
- 2010 voted ban full face veil public (246 to 1) - improve integration immigrant groups + stop suppression women - impacted 2000 women - fines women 150 euros + prison sentences men forced women wear 1 year / 30,000 euro fine
- president backed ban
- Niqab + burka seen as threats women’s rights / secular nature state
- controversial - anti-Islamic / freedom choice removed
- combat globalisation of religion / promote Fr cultural values
12
Q
Emiratisation
A
UAE
- youth unemployment Middle East
- UAE = rapid development but small pop = majority labour force foreign expatriates
- 7mn pop, 15% Emirati
- concern = Emiratisation = increase locals in work at expense foreign (less than 1% private sector jobs Emirati currently)
- emiratisation.org provides up-to-date info jobs
- news exclusively about emiratisation, monthly newsletter, careers fairs etc
- aim increase education / skill level Emirati
- no. workers increased gov jobs (high pay + short hours preferable)
- 90% jobs UAE done expatriates
13
Q
Resurgence of Nationalism
A
Ireland
- 11th (86.92) KOF index = globalised
- unique sports (Gaelic Football, hurling)
- campaign buy “guaranteed Irish” products
- Gaelic League (NGO) promotes Irish lang - helped campaign make Irish official Eu lang
- Irish compulsory school = young gen speak Irish (68.7% age 10-14; 66.3% 15-19; 51.2% 20-24)
- English rule = Irish lang banned until 1871
- Gaeltacht region = 72.6% fluent Irish
- 83% Cork speak Irish
- Waterford county 1000 irish speakers (77.7% pop Gaeltacht)
- Dublin just 34.6% speak Irish
- 2002 = 1.5m Irish speakers; over 2mn non-Irish
- Irish war Independence 1919-21; Irish Civil war 1922-23 - IRA fought for Irish independence from UK - refusal speak anything but gaelic, events including catholic ceremonies held secrecy
14
Q
Resource Nationalism
A
Ireland (oil/gas exploration)
- Gov seeks make it cheaper/easier for multi-nationals to search for oil and promises to increase stake Irish people receive in profits
- discontent Irish people over gov. handling natural resources + state assets = protests - feel giving away valuable resources - e.g. corrupt contracts - shell; proposed lease Ireland’s state forestry body Coillte; 2013 plans build large fish farm pantry Bay
- increasing state ownership + rising resource nationalism main threats to global oil supplies - power shift state owned oil companies
- small famers suffering hands TNCs - share of profits declining
- need citizens force gov promote change - get gov engage resource nationalism (gov allowing TNCs dominate rn)
- TNCs profit not Irish economy
15
Q
Migration Control
A
USA/Mexico + Trump’s Wall
- 2/3 illegal immigrants US in 8 states
- illegal immigrants 5% US population
- 2/3 illegal immigrants work - 5% workforce
- jobs little education / official licenses
- 2006 700miles fencing built on 2000 border
- 1993 14miles border San Diego fences
- Arizona Desert radar towers, high def cameras, ground sensors
- planned 492miles fencing bypass environmental reviews
- Fences Texas go through private property = resistance
- apprehensions border lowest level 15 years
- 11.5-12mn illegal immigrants USA 2006
- Border entry: Visa overstay, Fraudulent marriage, Border Crossing (200,000-400,000 year) incl smugglers, entry by sea ports (10/283 chinese crossing died 1993), slavery (50,000 trafficked annually), prostitution
- border fencing/ enforcement = flow move to rural areas
- increasing tax payer cost per arrest $300 1992 - $1700 2002
- 2006 vote blockade 860 miles
- 2007 funds 700miles new fencing
- building wall impossible - rough terrain, mountains etc
- building wall cost $15-25bn
- tax cost maintain/staff wall
- 27-40% undocumented immigrant came plane / overstay visas = wall won’t stop
- 240% increase immigrants border control = not return home
- illegal border crossings all time low - 337,117 2015 - 1,676,438 2000
- 1/30 USA = unauthorised immigrants
- Trump plans deport 2-3mn (not possible)
- 178,000 illegal immigrants w criminal records
- 11mn undocumented immigrants US
- Trump promise wall + deportations but hard deliver
- 1mn use border day, 400,000 cars, 15,000 lorries
