Option E Chapter 3

Question 1

adventure tourism

Answer 1

form of niche tourism that involves travel to a remote area and some level of perceived (sometimes real) risk.
- is increasing in popularity
- attracts high value customers
- supports local economies much more than mass tourism

Question 2

heritage tourism

Answer 2

relates to travel to experience the place, artefacts, historic sites, and indigenous people of an area. (sometimes referred to as cultural tourism)

Question 3

outline the role of TNC’s in the provision of tourist facilities and transport

Answer 3

in many LICs tourism has the potential to stimulate economic growth and development. It generates over 6% of global GNP and 13% of consumer spending. Many LICs possess primary resources, and secondary resources such as hotels that tourists wish to access. It would be difficult for the individual tourist to arrange their transport and accommodation independently.
LICs may not have all the infrastructure in place to develop their own tourism industry, so they have been forced to rely upon TNCs concerned with tourism to organise and market these resources and products.

Question 4

explain the avantages of tourism in LICs

Answer 4

• economic development
• regarded as an export but goods and services are not subject to the price fluctuation of commodities sold on world markets
• effective way to overcome problems of balance of payments
• overcome unemployment
• multiplier effect (locals income will be spent by them in local economy)

Question 5

outline the disadvantages of tourism in LICs

Answer 5

• vulnerability to external shocks
• depletion of resources
• pollution

Question 6

comment on the costs and benefits of hosting large scale sporting events

Answer 6

advantages:
- prestige, economic spin offs, pride and unification, improvement of facilities, profit from tourism

disadvantages:
- possible financial problems, carrying capacity exceeded, security risks, if the event fails than bad image for country

Question 7

explain why many Small Island Developing States rely on tourism

Answer 7

means of economic development
- better alternative rather than manufacturing on a small land scale
- endowed with many natural attractions
- as an exporting industry, tourism is not restricted by quotas or tarifs
- both indirect and direct employment provided for locals

Question 8

define mass tourism and outline its limitations

Answer 8

type of tourism that involves large numbers of people travelling to the same destination at the same time. It has been popularized by the rise of cheap air travel and the proliferation of hotel chains and other forms of accommodation.
While mass tourism can provide a boost to local economies, it also has several limitations. These include overcrowding, environmental degradation, disruption of local culture and customs, and increased demand for resources.

Question 9

explain the disadvantages of heritage tourism

Answer 9

exploitation of local cultures and customs, disruption of local communities, displacement of people from their homes, and over-commercialization of heritage sites. Heritage tourism can also lead to a distorted sense of history and a focus on the past that ignores contemporary issues and the needs of local communities. Additionally, heritage tourism can be expensive and only accessible to certain socioeconomic groups, leading to further inequities.