Option D4 Flashcards
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
What is the role of the gut?
Gnerates and maintains different pH enviroments which control activity of enzymes
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
What is the result of the low stomach pH?
The production of HCl
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
From where is HCl released?
Parietal cells found in gastric gland in the lining of stomach wall
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
What does the acidic environment favor?
-Kills bacteria
-PProvides optimum enviromnment for digestive enzymes
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
What is gastric juice?
Excess production of acidic secretion
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
What are the factors that lead to secretion gastric juice?
-Alcohol
-Smoking
-Caffeine
-Stress
-Anti-inflammatory drugs
Excess acidity in the stomach is potentially harmful
What does gastric juice result in?
-Acid indigestion
-Heartburn
-Ulceration
Some drugs work to prevent the production of excess acid
What does the Helicobacter pylori do?
Burrows into mucus lining of stomach causing inflammation. This will lead to the loss of mechanism that protect stomach wall from acid so tissue breakdown occurs.
H2-receptor antagonists
When should gastric juice be released?
Presence of food and distension, which are regulated by complex mechanisms of the body.
H2-receptor antagonists
Wjhat is the main hormone involved in transmitting chemical messages?
Histamine
H2-receptor antagonists
What does histmamine do in the stomach?
Stimulates secretion of stomach acid by interacting at receptors known as H2 in the parietal cells.
H2-receptor antagonists
What are H2-receptor antagonists?
Drugs that compete with histamine for binding at H2 receptors
H2-receptor antagonists
What is an example of a H2-receptor antagonists?
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Proton pump inhibitors
What is pumped at the last step of gastric secretion?
H+ ions into lumen of stomach
Proton pump inhibitors
What happens so that there is no charge build up?
For each H+ ion pumped, a K+ ion is pumped against concentration gradient so requires energy
Proton pump inhibitors
How is the energy provided for the movement of K+?
The hydrolysis of ATP using ATPase or otherwise known gastric proton pump
Proton pump inhibitors
What is an example of a proton pump inhibitor?
Prilosec (omerprazole)
Nexium (esomeprazole)
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What are antacids?
Weak bases which neutralize excess acids
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What are examples of antacids?
-Metal oxides
-Hydroxides
-Carbonates
-Hydrogencarbonates
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What does the antacid do?
They do not directly heal the lining but allow it to mend
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What are the antacids that are metal hydroxides?
-Ca(OH)2
-Mg(OH)2
-Al(OH)3
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What results in the reaction between metal hydroxide and HCl?
Salt+water
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What is special about aluminum and magnesium compounds?
Aluminum compounds dissolve more slowly and provide longer lasting relief, Magneium dissolves faster
Antacids are weak bases which neutralize excess acid
What is special about magnesium and aluminum salts?
Aluminum salts constipate the mandem, and magnesium serves as a laxative
