optical isomers and aldehydes and ketones

Question 1

stereoisomers?

Answer 1

same structural formula
different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 2

reduction of aldehydes and ketones.reagent?mechanism?nucleophile?condition?

Answer 2

reagent-NaBH4
mechanism- nucleophilic addition
nucleophile- hydride (H-)
condition- acidic solvent

Question 3

reaction of aldehydes and ketones w :CN
Reagent?mechansim?nucleophile?condition?name of product?

Answer 3

reagent - KCN
mechanism - nucleophilic addition
nucleophile - CN-
condition - acidic solvent
name of product - hydroxynitrile

Question 4

why can nucleophilic add to aldehydes and asymmetrical ketones result in a racemic mixture of optical isomers?

Answer 4

-bonding around chiral centre carbon is planar
-50:50 chance of nucleophile attacking from either side
-equal quantities of both enantiomers produced

Question 5

when does optical isomerism occur?

Answer 5

when a carbon bonds to 4 diff groups

Question 6

optical isomers wil have a number of same properties what r they

Answer 6

same melting and boiling point
same Mr
same solubility in range of solvents
same peaks in NMR spectrum