amines

Question 1

the strength of a base is determined by ?

Answer 1

how available the nitrogen lone pair is to accept a proton

Question 2

what can all amines act as

Answer 2

bases- the lone pair on the nitrogen can accept a proton to form an ammonium ion

Question 3

what is the positive inductive effect

Answer 3

ability of an alkyl group to release electron density through a covalent bond

Question 4

which base is stronger, ethylamine or ammonia ?

Answer 4

due to the positive inductive effect;
the ethyl group releases electron density into the nitrogen
this makes the lone pair on the N more available to accept a proton ;
ethylamine is a stronger base than ammonia

Question 5

which base is weaker, ammonia or phenyl amine ?

Answer 5

The lone pair on the nitrogen of phenyl amine can delocalise into the phenyl ring
means that its less available to accept a proton;
phenyl amine is weaker than ammonia

Question 6

how to ensure a higher yield of primary amine

Answer 6

use a large excess of ammonia

Question 7

uses of quaternary salts

Answer 7

-hair conditioner
-fabric salts
-also for cationic solvents

Question 8

what’s the conditions for nucleophilic sub with cyanide ion from KCN

Answer 8

ethanolic
aqueous

Question 9

how can a nitrile be reduced to an amine functional group( reagent + catalyst)

Answer 9

hydrogen
nickel catalyst

Question 10

nitrobenzene is made via electrophilic sub w benzene+(h2so4).
The nitro group can be reduced to form amine functional group, whats the reagent + catalyst needed ?

Answer 10

HCl
tin catalyst