Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Special Pops- Peds > Optho, ENT > Flashcards

Optho, ENT Flashcards

1
Q

what is anisocoria?

A

unequal pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is heterochromia?

A

different colors in the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ptosis?

A

a droopy eyelid

issue when it obstructs the VF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the marcus gun jaw-winking phenomenon

A

intermittent ptosis reduction during mastication/sucking and the levator muscle
will tilt their head and look under eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by?

A

Incomplete canalization of the duct or membranous obstructions
**very common and usually go away in 1st year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the presentation of a child with a nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

A

always has 1 eye draining
self limiting in 1 year
if not needs an optho referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you diagnose a child with nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

A

fluorescence in the eye

shine black light up nose and the fluroscene will be in the nose!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat a nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

A

push a probe down through the punctum which will either dilate it or break through the membanous portion that is blocking it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dacrocycitis?

A

infection of the nasolacrimal sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does dacrocycitis present?

A

erythema, edema over lower eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is dacrocycitis caused by?

A

S. aureus, strep pyogenes, strep pneumoniae,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat dacrocycitis?

A

Abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a hyphema?

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

immediate referral to optho = emergency!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a hyphema caused by?

A

trauma to the globe

ruptured vessels located near root of iris or anterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are som complications of a hyphema?

A

increase IOP
glaucoma
vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat a hyphema?

A

shield over the eye
elevate head
refer to optho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a iris coloboma?

A

it is a defect due to incomplete closure of anterior embryonal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the presentation of iris coloboma?

A

key hole shaped pupil

**need to refer to optho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is aniridia?

A

has no iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does a patient with aniridia present?

A

usually bilateral

can be associated with Wilms tumor or autosomal dominent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

edematous and clouding of the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is glaucoma caused by?

A

increased IOP
causing optic nerve injury, corneal scarring, amblyopia
congenital or acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does a patient present with glaucoma?

A

tearing, photophobia, corneal clouding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is anterioruveitis/ iridocyclitis/ iritis associated with?

A

inflammatory diseases and needs to be seen by optho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do patients with anterioruveitis/ iridocyclitis/ iritis present?

A 
injection
photophobia
pain
blurred vision
iritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Epidemiology of Retinoblastoma

A

most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood,

child usually presents before the age of 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Most common presenting sign in a child with previously undiagnosed retinoblastoma?

A

leukophoria= white reflex or NO red reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is retinoblastoma caused by?

A

genetics
multiple tumors or mass in one or both eyes
optho referral!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is papilledema?

A

optic nerve edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is papilledema caused by?

A

increased IOP due to tumor, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How does papilledema present?

A

blurred optic disc
hemorrhage on fundascopic exam
enlarged blind spot with normal VA

32
Q

What are some complications of papilledema?

A

vision loss

optic atrophy

33
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

infection posterior to orbital septum

can cause acute ischemic optic neuropathy

34
Q

Where is Periorbital cellulitis found

A

arising anterior to the orbital septum

35
Q

MC cause of orbital cellulitis

A

H. influenza

36
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

rhythmic oscillation or eyes
uni/bilateral
gaze dependent

37
Q

What causes nystagmus?

A

ocular lesion
amblyopia
sensory/motor nystagmus
**refer to optho

38
Q

2 types of strabismus?

A

esotropia

extropia

39
Q

What is esotropia?

A

deviation of the eyes towards the nose
“cross eyed”
treat with glasses or surgery

40
Q

Extropia

A

wall eyes, divergent

41
Q

How to diagnose stabismus?

A

cover uncover test

hirschberg method/ corneal light reflection test

42
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

unilateral or bilateral reduction in vision due to strabismus, refractive errors, and/or visual deprivation

43
Q

3 types of amblyopia?

A

Strabismus amblyopia
Refractive amblyopia
Deprivation amblyopia

44
Q

Strabismic amblyopia can occur in what?

A

can occur in the nondominant eye of a strabismic child

45
Q

refractive amblyopia

A

Both eyes if significant refractive errors are untreated (ametropic or refractive amblyopia)
Refractive imbalance is present between the eyes (anisometropic amblyopia)

46
Q

deprivation amblyopia occurs when?

A

occurs when dense cataracts or complete ptosis prevents formation of a formed retinal image

47
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

inflammation of the external ear due to trauma, ear plugs, contact dermatitis

48
Q

What are the common bugs of otitis externa?

A

S. aureus, paeruginosa

49
Q

What is a complication of otitis externa?

A

facial cellulitis

50
Q

How do you treat otits externa?

A

otic drops (fluoroquinilone)
neosporin
abx if indicated

51
Q

What is otitis media caused by?

A

bacterial/ viral URI eustacian tube dysfunction, impaired immunity
viral= MC

52
Q

What are complications of otitis media?

A

TM perf
mastoiditis
facial nerve palsy
cholesteatoma

53
Q

How do you treat otitis media?

A

analgesia

abx- amoxicillin

54
Q

Mastoiditis (cause, presentation, treatment)

A

OM
down/outward displaced pinna
ENT referral, myringotomy

55
Q

What are 5 congenital ear malformations?

A 
atresia
lop ears--> folded down
low set ears
microtia
preauricular tags
56
Q

Sinus development

A

@ birth maxillary atrium & anterior & posterior ethmoid cells present
sphenoid is present but not clinically significant until 5-8 years
2-4 years the frontal sinus develops 6-10 years is when site of infection

57
Q

URI presentation?

A

rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing, purulent nasal discharge

58
Q

What is the cause/ duration/ treatment of URI

A

viral
1 week
tyleonol, motrin

59
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

URI lasting more than 10 days

worsening sx after initial period of improvement

60
Q

How does sinusitis present?

A

sinus tenderness
allergies
similar to URI

61
Q

What is a definitive way to diagnose sinusitis?

A

sinus aspiration

62
Q

What are some complications and treatments of sinusitis?

A 
complications = orbital cellulitis, cheek cellulitis
treatment= amoxicillin
63
Q

Choanal atresia is what?

A

back of the nose is not open at birth

64
Q

What is the presentation of choanal atresia

A

respiratory distress if bilateral
unilateral appears later
ENT surgery needs to be consulted

65
Q

presentation of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

A 
o	itchy nose, eyes (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis), palate, pharynx
o	sneezing, epistaxis
o	allergic salute (nasal creases)
o	nasal obstruction
o	nasal turbinates pale/blue/swollen
o	clear/thin nasal D/C
o	sore throat (worse in AM)
66
Q

Classification of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

A

o Intermittent→ Sx less than 4 days/weel or less than 4 weeks
o Persistent→ sx greater than 4 days/week or for longer than 4 wks

67
Q

Treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

A 
o	Antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn-prophylactic), decongestant/vasoconstrictor (but watch out for rhinitis medicamentosa)
o	Montelukast (singulair)
o	Nasal corticosteroids→ prophylactically
68
Q

What is anklyoglossia?

A

o Tongue tied, frenulum ties tip of tongue to floor of mouth

69
Q

What is lymphadenitis?

A

• Cause: hemolytic strep (70%), staphylococci (20%), bartonella, MRSA
o Bartonella→ cat scratch
• Causes huge lymphnodes in axilla and neck

70
Q

5 causes of acute pharyngitis?

A 
EBV
enterovirus
coxaki
adenovirus
bacterial
71
Q

Strep pharyngitis does not present with?

What are the complications?

A

don’t have runny nose or congestion
• Complications: rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever (erythematous, popular rash)
•

72
Q

Dx and Tx of strep pharyngitis?

A

Dx: rapid antigen: specific not as sensitive
• Wait for results to come back, if (+) tx based on bacteria
• Tx: PCN, Amoxicillin, azithromycin, cephalexin

73
Q

Presentation of Strep Pharyngitis

A

Presentation: sudden onset sore throat, odynophagia (painful swallowing), fever, abd pain, HA, large red uvula, tonsilar exudate, strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis, viral rash

74
Q

5 Cervical Lymphadenitis Look Alikes

A
  • Thyroglossal Duct cyst: between hyoid & suprasternal. Move up w/swallowing
  • Brachial Cleft Cyst: if infected→ becomes tender 3-5cm mass along anterior border of SCM
  • Parotitis: often mistaken for cervical adenitis→ tender behind ear, amylase level elevated
  • Ranula: cyst, floor of mouth, d/t obstruction of sublingual gland (below mylohyoid muscle, presents as neck mass)
  • Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Hematoma: cervical mass seen at 2-4 wks old→ part of muscle, associated w/ torticollis
75
Q

Early Childhood Caries

A
  • 1 or more decayed/missing/filled tooth surfaces in primary tooth
  • Cause: nursing bottle when going to bed
76
Q

periodontal caries

A
  • Gram neg, anaerobic
  • Actinobacillus, porphyromonas gingivalis, bacteroides forsythus, prevotella intermedia
  • Inflammatory host response- produces proteases & cytotoxins
77
Q

Prevention of dental caries

A

• Brushing 2x a day, flossing nightly, fluoride toothpaste/mouthwash
• Bottle feeding no later than 1 y/o
• Pacific or thumb sucking needs to stop at 2
• Fluoride→ inhibits loss of minerals
o Systemic and topically taken in

Special Pops- Peds (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions