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Year 2 extra > Opthamology extra > Flashcards

Opthamology extra Flashcards

1
Q

Describe arcus

A

Blue margin around the cornea caused by hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

What is a drusen?

A

Yellow exudate in the retina present in ARMD

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3
Q

What is treated with an eyepatch?

A

Amblyopia

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4
Q

Facial nerve (______) palsy is treated with ________.

A

Bell’s

steroids

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5
Q

Molluscum contagiosum appears _____ and is caused by the _________. Presentation is _________________________.

A

pink, waxy and umbilicated
poxvirus
lymphoid and follicular

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6
Q

What do epidermoid cysts affect?

A

Hair follicle

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7
Q

Where is inflammation in dacryocystitis?

A

nasolacrimal

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8
Q

What arterial pathology can increase intracranial pressure?

A

Carotid cavernous fistula

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9
Q

Which tests should be done for CRVO?

A

FBC
ESR
CRP
renal, liver and lipid profiles
Clotting

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10
Q

What can increased intraocular pressure in glaucoma cause?

A

Corneal thickening
Pupil dilation

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11
Q

Herpes zoster sign

A

nose lesion 🐇

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12
Q

What are copper rings around the cornea called?

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings

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13
Q

CMV sign

A

Burst of yellow

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14
Q

What should be assessed in a red eye

A
  1. Acuity
  2. Pain
  3. Pupil
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15
Q

What is pterygium and how is it treated?

A

Conjunctival overgrowth caused by UV exposure

Tear drops

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16
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa presentation

A

🔘

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17
Q

Retinoblastoma presentation

A

⚪️
White pupil

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18
Q

What is neonatal conjunctivitis before 5 days likely to be?

A

Gonorrhoea

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19
Q

What is neonatal conjunctivitis after 5 days likely to be?

A

Chlamydia

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20
Q

What is a painful cause of Horner’s?

A

Internal carotid artery (ICA) lesion

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21
Q

What is a painless cause of Horner’s?

A

Pancoast’s tumour

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22
Q

What causes demyelination and a pale disc?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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23
Q

What is miosis?

A

Pupil constriction

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24
Q

What is trachoma and how is it treated?

A

Eyelids go inside out

Azithromycin

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25
Q

How does vitamin A deficiency present?

A

Bitot’s spots
Keratin in conjunctiva
Night blindness
Xerophthalmia and corneal changes
Aggravates measles

26
Q

Ocular metastasis is _______ and most commonly spreads from the ________.

A

yellow
chest

27
Q

What is the horrible medical term for dry eyes?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

28
Q

What is drooping of the eyelid called?

A

Ptosis

29
Q

Cycloplegics relax the muscles of the anterior segment. What sort of eye conditions are they used in?

A

Painful

30
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions should be treated with topical _____________.

Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions should be treated with topical _____________.

A

Antihistamines

Corticosteroid

31
Q

Name a systemic cause of cataracts that causes weakness

A

Myotonic dystrophy

32
Q

What can hydrochloroquine cause?

A

Bullseye maculopathy

33
Q

What is a subhyaloid hemorrhage?

A

A haemorrhage between the vitreous and the retina, seen as a half-blood-filled circle on fundoscopy

34
Q

List the order of step-up therapy for capillary haemangioma

A

Observation 👀
B blocker 🐝
Steroid 💪
Surgery 🔪

35
Q

What is the best test for a vitreous haemorrhage secondary to a posterior vitreal detachment?

A

B-scan ultrasound of the orbit

36
Q

What does oxygen administration increase the risk of in new born babies?

A

Retinitis

37
Q

CMV retinitis presentation

A

Yellow splatter

38
Q

Sporadic retinoblastoma is __lateral and presents around the age of _.

A

uni
2

39
Q

What is the treatment for cluster headaches?

A

Sumatriptan

Oxygen for severe pain

40
Q

Where can inferior rectus trapping cause numbess?

A

Cheek and gums

41
Q

What is a lab sign of MS?

A

Oligoclonal bands in the CSF

42
Q

What is a lab sign of MG?

A

Anti-AchR

(graves on acres)

43
Q

Describe anisocoria and how to deal with it

A

Light near dissociation - pupils are stupid for no good reason

Reassure and discharge

44
Q

When a foreign body is removed it leaves…

A

scrapes.

45
Q

What is the difference between vitreous and retinal detachment symptoms?

A

Visual loss

46
Q

What do problems with the posterior inferior cerebellar artery cause?

A

Nystagmus

47
Q

What do problems with the posterior communicating artery?

A

CN III palsy

48
Q

What is the medical term for lazy eye?

A

Amblyopia

49
Q

What is the medical term for depth perception?

A

Stereopsis

50
Q

What causes papillae formation

A

Contact lenses or foreign bodies

51
Q

What is a strong risk factor for retinal detachment?

A

Diabetes

52
Q

What are some risk factors for CRAO?

A

diabetes
hypertension
glaucoma

53
Q

Myopia increases the risk of open-angle glaucoma.

Hypermetropia increases the risk of close-angle glaucoma. T/F

A

True

54
Q

Pan-retinal photocoagulation treats…

A

neovascularisation.

55
Q

What is the medical term for irregularly shaped pupil?

A

synechiae

56
Q

Goldman’s tonometry is used for…

A

glaucoma.

57
Q

Infections spreading from the cavernous sinus are more likely to affect the _______ nerve(s) whereas infections spreading from the ethmoid sinus are more likely to affect the _______ nerve(s.)

A

cranial
optics

58
Q

Which test is used for myasthenia gravis?

A

Tensilon

59
Q

Describe symptoms of neurosyphilis

A

Weakness
Confusion
Light near dissociation
Miosis

60
Q

What can posterior uveitis cause?

A

Blurring
Floaters
Exudative retinal detachment

Year 2 extra (6 decks)

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