Opthalmology Flashcards
What are the two parts to the conjunctiva?
Tarsal
Bulbar
What controls the ciliary muscles?
Parasymps
What controls the dilator pupillae?
Sympathetic control
What does contraction of the ciliary muscles do?
Thickens lens
What controls sphincter pupillae?
Parasympathetic control
What are the three parts to the accommodation reflex?
Convergence
Thickening of lens
Pupil constriction
Which artery does the ophthalmic branch from?
Internal carotid
How does anterior blepharitis present?
Gritty eyes
Bilateral
“Dandruff” in lashes
What causes anterior blepharitis?
Bacterial infection
What causes posterior blepharitis?
Meibomian gland dysfunction
How is blepharitis treated?
Lid hygiene
Warm compress
Artificial tears
How does bacterial conjunctivitis present?
Thick, sticky discharge
Red eye
Unilateral
How does viral conjunctivitis present?
Watery discharge
Recent URTI
Follicles on lids
How does chlamydial conjunctivitis present?
On going red eye
Rice grain follicles
How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?
Self-limiting
How is viral conjunctivitis treated?
Self-limiting
How is chlamydial conjunctivitis treated?
Oxytetracycline
How does keratitis present?
Unilateral Pain Redness Photophobia Hypopyon
How is bacterial keratitis investigated?
Corneal scrape
How is viral keratitis treated?
Aciclovir
Lubricants
Pain relief
How does uveitis present?
Pain
Circumlimbal redness
Reduced vision
Photophobia
What conditions is uveitis a/w?
Ank spon
Reiters
UC
How is uveitis treated?
Topical steroids
How do cataracts present?
Gradual deterioration in vision
Glare
Painless
How are cataracts treated?
Surgery
How does glaucoma present?
Asymp
incidentally found reduce visual fields
How does acute angle closure present?
N&v
Sudden onset
Severe pain
In the evening
How is angle closure glaucoma treated?
Pilocarpine
Acetazolamide
What are the three stages of diabetic retinopathy?
Background
Pre-prolif
Prolif
How is diabetic retinopathy managed?
Panretinal photocoagulation
How does wet ARMD present?
Sudden loss of central vision
Distortion of straight lines
Haemorrhage
Exudate
How is wet ARMD treated?
Anti-VEGF
How does retinal detachment present?
Sudden reduced vision
Flashing lights
Shower of floaters
Painless
How is retinal detachment treated?
Emergency surgery
