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Mini Second Year Revision > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What lines the nose?

A

Resp epithelium

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2
Q

What lines the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory epithelium

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3
Q

What is the role of the nasal turbinate?

A

Heat up and moisten air

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4
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

Area where the arteries of the nose anastamose

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5
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

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6
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal and maxillary sinus

Anterior and middle air cells

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7
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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8
Q

How does a septal haematoma present?

A 
Bruising
Swelling
Tenderness
Deviation
Epstaxis
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9
Q

How is mild epistaxis managed?

A

Lean forward

External compression

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10
Q

How is moderate epistaxis treated?

A

Silver nitrate cautery

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11
Q

How is severe epistaxis treated?

A

Topical vasoconstrictors
Rhino packs
Arterial ligation

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12
Q

How does sinusitis present?

A

Purulent nasal discharge
Nasal obstruction
Facial pain

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13
Q

How long does viral sinusitis last?

A

<10 days

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14
Q

How is acute viral sinusitis treated?

A

Analgesia
Decongestants
intranasal corticosteroids
Mucolytics

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15
Q

How is acute bacterial sinusitis treated?

A

Penicillin or doxy

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16
Q

How is chronic sinusitis managed?

A

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery

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17
Q

How is chronic sinusitis investigated?

A

Anterior rhinoscopy

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18
Q

What rheumatology condition are polyps a/w?

A

EGPA

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19
Q

How do nasal papillomas present?

A

Anosamia
Bleeding
Irritation
Occlusion

20
Q

What is the most common cancer in the nose?

A

SCC

21
Q

What is the centor criteria for bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Tonsillar exudate
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever
Absence of cough

22
Q

How is tonsillitis treated?

A

Viral - supportive

Bacterial - Penicillin

23
Q

Which viruses cause tonsillitis?

A

Rhinovirus

Adenovirus

24
Q

What causes Scarlett Fever?

A

GABHS

25
Q

How does Scarlet fever present?

A 
Maculopapular rash
Flushed cheeks
Sore throat
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Strawberry tongue
26
Q

How is Scarlet Fever managed?

A

Penicillin

27
Q

How does epiglottitis present?

A 
Sore throat
Dysphagia
Acute stress
Fever
Difficulty breathing
Stridor
28
Q

How is epiglottitis managed?

A

Secure airway
IV ceftriaxone
Senior help

29
Q

How does acute otitis media present?

A 
Fullness
Bulginess
Pulling on ear
Otalgia
Fever
30
Q

How is otitis media investigated?

A

Otoscopy

Audiometry

31
Q

How is otitis media treated?

A

Should resolve in a week

Amoxicillin

32
Q

How does glue ear look on otoscopy?

A

Fluid line present
Poor schooling
Behavioural issues
Speech delay

33
Q

How is glue ear investigated?

A

Audiometry

Tympanometry

34
Q

How is glue ear managed?

A

Most resolve in 3m
Grommet
Adenoidectomy

35
Q

What is the medical term for glue ear?

A

Otitis media with effusion

36
Q

How does cholesteatoma present?

A

Hearing loss
Discharge
Tinnitus

37
Q

How is cholesteatoma investigated?

A

Diffusion weighted MRI

38
Q

How is cholesteatoma managed?

A

Surgery

39
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

Collection of keratin in the middle ear?

40
Q

How does otosclerosis present?

A

Gradual onset conduction hearing loss

41
Q

How is otosclerosis managed?

A

Stapedectomy

42
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuroma in a young patient suggests what?

A

NF2

43
Q

How does acoustic neuroma present?

A

Hearing loss
Tinnitus
Imbalance
Absent corneal reflex

44
Q

How is acoustic neuroma investigated?

A

MRI

45
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Age related hearing loss

Mini Second Year Revision (7 decks)

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