Endocrine

Question 1

Outline the pathology in T1DM

Answer 1

Destruction of autoimmune pancreatic beta-cells

Question 2

How does T1DM present?

Answer 2

Polyuria
Polydipsia
FHx
Normal weight
Teens

Question 3

How is T1DM investigated?

Answer 3

Random glucose
2 hr OGTT
HbA1c
Fasting C peptide (low)

Question 4

How is T1DM treated?

Answer 4

Basal-bolus insulin

Detemir + lispro

Question 5

How does T2DM present?

Answer 5

Asymp
Skin and candia infection
UTIs
Polydipsia/uria

Question 6

What are the risk factors for T2DM?

Answer 6

Older age
Obesity
Gestational diabetes
FHx

Question 7

How is T2DM investigated?

Answer 7

HbA1c
Fasting plasma glucose
Random glucose

Question 8

How is T2DM

Answer 8

Life style
Metformin
Sulphonylurea (gliclazide)
SGLT2 inhibs (the flozins)
GLP1 rec antagonist

Question 9

What is Addison’s disease?

Answer 9

Decreased adrenocortical hormone production

Question 10

How does Addison’s disease present?

Answer 10

Fatigue
Anorexia
Weight loss
Hyperpigmentation
Hypotension

Question 11

How is Addison’s disease investigated?

Answer 11

Morning serum cortisol

ACTH stimulation test

Question 12

How is Addison’s disease managed?

Answer 12

Hydrocortisone

Fludrocortisone

Question 13

How does Cushing’s present?

Answer 13

Moon face
Lemon on sticks
Purple striae
Menstrual irregs

Question 14

What may cause Cushing’s?

Answer 14

Steroid use
Pit adenoma
Adrenal adenoma/carcinoma

Question 15

How is Cushing’s investigated?

Answer 15

Dexamethasone suppression test

24hr urinary free cortisol