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Revision Year 2 > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Horners

A

Miosis (Dilator Pupilae)
Anhydrosis
Ptosis

Tumour of the Apex of the lung = Pancoast Tumour

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2
Q

Cr.N III palsy

A

Down (Inferior Oblique) and Out (Medial Rectus)

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3
Q

Functions
Aqueous Humour
Vitreous Humour

A

AH: Equalises Pressure
VH: Cushions the Retina

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4
Q

Cr.N IV palsy

A

Paralysis of the superior oblique muscle
Patient complains of Diplopia
May develop head tilt away from site of lesion

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5
Q

Cr.N VI palsy

A

Paralysis of Lateral Rectus muscle

Affected eye will be adducted

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6
Q

Levator Pulpabrae Superioris

A

Origin Roof of Orbital

Insertion Upper Eyelid

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7
Q

All Recti

A

Origin Tendinous Ring

Insertion Sclera Anteriorly

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8
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Origin Lesser Wing of Sphenoid

Insertion Sclera Posteriorly

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9
Q

Acoomodation

A

Pupil Constricts
Lens Thickens
Eyes Converge

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10
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Origin Medial part of Orbit Floor

Insertion Sclera Posteriorly

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11
Q

Myopia

A 
Bending power of the eye is too strong
LongEyeball
Light reaches a place in front of the retina
Biconcave lenses required
Divergent Squint
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12
Q

Astigmatism

A

Different curvatures in different meridians

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13
Q

Opthalmic Artery

A

Branch of ICA

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14
Q

Vit A Deficiency

A

Bitots Spots

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15
Q

Damage to Right Optic Nerve

A

Right Eye Blindness

Right Anopia

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16
Q

Damage to Optic Chiasma

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia

Pituitary Lesion

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17
Q

Damage to Right Optic Tract

A

Left Homonymous Hemianopia

18
Q

Central Scotoma

A

Macular Degeneration

Very Opaque one Eye

19
Q

Both Eyes Elevate and Left

A

Levo-Elevation

20
Q

Both Eyes Elevate and Right

A

Dextro-Elevation

21
Q

Exotropia

A

Divergent Squint

22
Q

Essotropia

A

Convergent Squint

23
Q

Abnormal Pupillary Reflex Causes

A

Optic Neuritis - MS
Detachment of the Retina
Cr.N III
Glaucoma

24
Q

Open Angle Glaucoma Symptoms

A 
Raised IOP Gradually, Painless
Visual Field Defects
Optic Disc Changes in Ophalmoscopy
Cupping (Thinning outer rim of optic nerve) 
Optic Disc Atrophy
Trabecular Mesh-work Blocked
25
Q

Open Angle Glaucoma Treatment

A 
Laser Trabeculoplasty
Trabeculectomy 
Beta Blockers + Carbonic Inhibitors 
- Increases outflow of Aqueous Humour
Prostaglandin Inhibitors 
- Decrease Production
26
Q

Closed Angle Glaucoma Symptoms

A 
Abrupt Pain 
Headache, Nausea
Blurry Vision
Pupil is Mid Dilated 
Red Eye
Cornea Opaque bc raised IOP drives fluid into cornea
27
Q

Closed Angle Glaucoma Treatment

A

In small eyes (Hypermetropia)
- Lens Enlarged against central Iris
Iridotomy

28
Q

Symptoms & Signs of Uveitis

Inflammation of Iris and Ciliary Body

A 
Pain, Red
Watering
Photophobia
Cells in anterior chamber
Hypopyon
Small irregular pupil

Associated With Inflammatory Disorders

29
Q

Uveitis Treatment

A

Topical steroids

Dilating drops

30
Q

Cataract

Symptoms + Causes

A 
Gradual opacification of the lens
Gradual Loss of vision, Dazzle/glare
Diabetes, 
Old Age, 
Smoking, Alcohol, 
Prolonged Corticosteroid 
Trauma, Infection, Sunlight
31
Q

Cataract Treatment

A

Surgery

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant

32
Q

Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

A

Symptoms: Distorsion
Progressive loss of central vision

Signs: Distorsion on amsler chart
Pigment epithelial changes

Dry AMD (90%)

  • Drusen (yellow extracellular material Depositions)
  • Atrophy
Wet AMD (10%) = Neovascularisation causes Bleeding
 - Rapid Loss of Vision
33
Q

Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Investigations
Treatment

A

Flurescein angiography
OCT - Optical Coherence Tomography

Intravitreal Antivegf
Low vision aids

34
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

Signs
Investigations

A

Microaneurysms
Retinal haemorrhages and exudates
Neovascularisation (disc/retina)

Flurescein angiography, OCT

35
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

Treatment

A

Intravitreal Antivegf

Laser – Panretinal Photocoagulation

Low Vision Aids

36
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis

A 
Symptoms: Loss of vision	
Headache
Loss of Appetite
Scalp tenderness
Pain on chewing - Jaw Claudication

Signs: Tenderness of superficial temporal arteries
Raised infammatory markers

Management:
High dose systemic steroids

37
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Red, Watering
Discharge (purulent/watery)
No loss of vision unless infection spread to cornea

Treatment:
Topical antibiotics

38
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Red, Watering
No loss of vision unless infection spread to cornea

Discharge (Purulent/Watery)
Treatment:
Topical antibiotics

39
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis

A 
Itchy, Red
Discharge (Mucoid/Watery)
Acute
Lid swelling
Conjunctival swelling

Treatment:
Topical antihistamine
Avoid allergen
Mast cell stabilisers

40
Q

Corneal Abration

A 
Symptoms & Signs:
Pain
Watering
Blurred vision
Epithelial defect

Treatment:
Topical antibiotics
Analgesia

41
Q

Orbital Cellulitis

A 
Acute Redness
Pain+, Malaise 
Blurred vision
Diplopia 
Pyrexia
Proptosis
Reduced eye movement

Treatment:
IV antibiotics
CT Scan
Drainage of pus

Revision Year 2 (14 decks)

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