Drugs Flashcards
Warfarin
Anticoagulation
DVT, PE and to prevent stroke AF, valvular heart disease or artificial heart valves
ACE Inhibitor
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Hypertention and HF
Chemoreceptors
Aortic Sinus and Carotid Sinus (Oxygen, CO2, pH)
Mechanoreceptors
Detect pressure changes in aortic arch and carotid body
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Blood thinner - is used to treat & prevent blood clots
Used in Acute coronary syndrome (Angina, NSTEMI)
GTN
Glyceryl Trinitrate
HF, high blood pressure, and to treat and prevent chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart (angina)
Aspirin
Treat pain, fever, or inflammation
Benefits if given after Heart attack or Stroke
Specific inflammatory conditions used to treat include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever
Clopidogrel
Reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent
Metformin
PRONS
Improves cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in obese T2 DM, Cheap, Efficaceous, Well tolerated
Not associated with weight gain, Used in pregnancy
CONS
Risk of lactic acidosis by inhibiting lactic acid uptake by liver, Hypoxia, Renal failure (CI if creat<150)
Hepatic failure, GI side effects, Risk Vit B12 malabsorpt
Improves Insulin Sensitivity and receptor function
Decreases FA synthesis
Inhibits Gluconeogenic pathways
Sulphonylureas Mechanism
Gli….Ides
Chlorpropamide, Glipizide
Binds to sulfonylurea receptors (SUR-1) on functioning pancreatic beta-cells.
Binding closes the linked ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Voltage-dependent calcium channels open and result in an influx of calcium.
Translocation and exocytosis of secretory granules of insulin to the cell surface.
Sulphonylureas
PROS Rapid improvement in control + if symptomatic
Rapid titration, Cheap , Generally well tolerated
CONS Risk of hypoglycaemia, Weight gain
Caution in renal and hepatic disease
CI in pregnancy and breastfeeding
Thiazolidinediones Mechanism
Sulphonylurea Drug
Selectively stimulates thenuclear receptorperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)
Modulates the transcription of theinsulin-sensitive genes involved in the control of glucose andlipid metabolismin themuscle,adipose tissue, and theliver.
Reduces insulin resistancein the liver and peripheral tissues;
Increases the expense of insulin-dependent glucose;
Decreases withdrawal of glucose from the liver;
Reduces quantity of glucose, insulin andglycated haemoglobinin the bloodstream.
Thiazolidinediones
PROS Good for people if insulin resistance significant
HbA1c by 0.6-1.3%
Cheap, Cardiovascular safety established
CONS Increase risk of bladder cancer
Fluid retention - CCF
Weight gain
Fractures in females
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid (cortisol)
Rheumatic problems, skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, COPD
Prednisolone
Steroid
Allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.
Adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, MS