Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulation

DVT, PE and to prevent stroke AF, valvular heart disease or artificial heart valves

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2
Q

ACE Inhibitor

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Hypertention and HF

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3
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Aortic Sinus and Carotid Sinus (Oxygen, CO2, pH)

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4
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Detect pressure changes in aortic arch and carotid body

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5
Q

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

A

Blood thinner - is used to treat & prevent blood clots

Used in Acute coronary syndrome (Angina, NSTEMI)

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6
Q

GTN

A

Glyceryl Trinitrate

HF, high blood pressure, and to treat and prevent chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart (angina)

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7
Q

Aspirin

A

Treat pain, fever, or inflammation
Benefits if given after Heart attack or Stroke
Specific inflammatory conditions used to treat include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever

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8
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent

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9
Q

Metformin

A

PRONS
Improves cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in obese T2 DM, Cheap, Efficaceous, Well tolerated
Not associated with weight gain, Used in pregnancy

CONS
Risk of lactic acidosis by inhibiting lactic acid uptake by liver, Hypoxia, Renal failure (CI if creat<150)
Hepatic failure, GI side effects, Risk Vit B12 malabsorpt

Improves Insulin Sensitivity and receptor function
Decreases FA synthesis
Inhibits Gluconeogenic pathways

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10
Q

Sulphonylureas Mechanism

Gli….Ides

Chlorpropamide, Glipizide

A

Binds to sulfonylurea receptors (SUR-1) on functioning pancreatic beta-cells.

Binding closes the linked ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Voltage-dependent calcium channels open and result in an influx of calcium.

Translocation and exocytosis of secretory granules of insulin to the cell surface.

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11
Q

Sulphonylureas

A

PROS Rapid improvement in control + if symptomatic
Rapid titration, Cheap , Generally well tolerated

CONS Risk of hypoglycaemia, Weight gain
Caution in renal and hepatic disease
CI in pregnancy and breastfeeding

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12
Q

Thiazolidinediones Mechanism

Sulphonylurea Drug

A

Selectively stimulates thenuclear receptorperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)

Modulates the transcription of theinsulin-sensitive genes involved in the control of glucose andlipid metabolismin themuscle,adipose tissue, and theliver.

Reduces insulin resistancein the liver and peripheral tissues;
Increases the expense of insulin-dependent glucose;
Decreases withdrawal of glucose from the liver;
Reduces quantity of glucose, insulin andglycated haemoglobinin the bloodstream.

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13
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

PROS Good for people if insulin resistance significant
HbA1c by 0.6-1.3%
Cheap, Cardiovascular safety established

CONS Increase risk of bladder cancer
Fluid retention - CCF
Weight gain
Fractures in females

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14
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid (cortisol)

Rheumatic problems, skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, COPD

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15
Q

Prednisolone

A

Steroid

Allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.

Adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, MS

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16
Q

Noradrenaline

Serotonin

GABA

A

Noradrenaline reuptake blockers
eg tricyclic drugs are antidepressants.
MAO inhibitors are antidepressants.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-antidepressants

GABA agonists are anti-epilepsy drugs
They also have anti-anxiety properties

17
Q

Dopaminergic Drugs

DA Agonists

A

DA Precursor - Levodopa
Improve Motor Features
Cause Nausea and Vomiting, Psychosis

Ergots, Non Ergots, Apomorphine

18
Q

Enzyme Inhibitors

AAAD
MAOB
COMT

A
Carbidopa (Decreases Levodopa Side Effects)
Selegiline
Entacapone (Decreases DA Metabolism and increases Levodopa Effectiveness)
19
Q

Dopaminergic Antagonists

A

Antipsychotics

Cause Parkinsonism by blocking DA rec - basal ganglia.

Cause Dyskinesias (increased movement) orofaciolingual

20
Q

Triptans

A

Selective 5HT agonists

Treatment of migraine + cluster headache

21
Q

Domperidone

A
DA antagonist
Anti-emetic
Does not cross the BBB
No antipsychotic properties
Relatively safe to use in PD
22
Q

Primary generalised epilepsies

A

Sodium Valproate, Lamotrigine

Second line treatment - Topiramate

23
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

Acutely

First line: Lorazepam, midazolam (diazepam)
Second line: Valproate or phenytoin

24
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

25
Q

Secondary generalised seizures

A

Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam for focal

26
Q

Partial seizures

A

Sodium valproate, Topiramate

Long acting Benzodiazepines