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Anatomy > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the bony orbit?

A 
Orbital plate of frontal 
Orbital plate of ethmoid
Maxilla 
Zygoma 
Lacrimal 
Sphenoid
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2
Q

What are the 2 foramen of the bony orbital?

A

Supraorbial notch / foramen

Infraorbital foramen

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3
Q

What are the orbital margins of the base of the bony orbit called?

A 
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Floor (inferior) wall 
Roof (superior) wall
Apex (optic canal) wall
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4
Q

What is another name for the base of the bony orbit?

A

Orbital rim

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5
Q

What part of the bony orbit is the thinnest?

A

Medial wall

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6
Q

Which wall of the bony orbit is most commonly fractured?

A

Inferior

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7
Q

What is the main muscle of the eye and what two parts is it composed of?

A

Orbicularis Oculi

composed of i) orbital part ii) palpebral part

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8
Q

What are the two ligaments of the orbital septum?

A

Lateral and medial palpebral ligaments

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9
Q

What is the main tendon of the orbital spetum?

A

Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris

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10
Q

What is the orbital septum composed out of?

A

Connective tissue

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11
Q

Where are the tarsal glands situated?

A

In the inferior and superior tarsus

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12
Q

What is the function of the orbital septum?

A

Surrounds periorbital fat and helps stop of spread of infection form superior and deep aspect

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13
Q

What do the tarsal gland secrete?

A

Lipids

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14
Q

What is the junction between the cornea and sclera called?

A

The Limbus

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII

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16
Q

What is the path of lacrimal fluid drainage?

A

Lacrimal Puncta –> Canaliculi –> lacrimal sac –> nasolacrimal ducts –> inferior meatus

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17
Q

What are the 3 main layer of the eye?

A

Fibrous
Uvea
Retina

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18
Q

What does the fibrous layer contain?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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19
Q

What does the uvea layer contain ? (vascular layer)

A 
Iris 
Ciliary body (controls iris, shape of lens and secretion of aqueous humour) 
Choroid (Nutrition and exchange)
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20
Q

What two chambers is the anterior segment composed of?

A

Anterior and posterior chamber

21
Q

Where is the anterior chamber and what does it contain?

A

Between cornea and iris

contains aqueous humour

22
Q

Where is the posterior chamber and what does it contain?

A

Between iris and suspensory ligaments

Contains aqueous humour

23
Q

What does the posterior segment contain?

A

Vitreous humour

24
Q

What anatomical structure on the surface of the eye shows where the anterior chamber is?

A

Iridocorneal angle

25
Q

What is the circulation of the aqueous humour?

A

Ciliary body –> posterior chamber –> pupil –> scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm) at iridocorneal angle

26
Q

What are the 3 main components of the fundus?

A

Optic disc
Macula
Fovea

27
Q

What is the fovea?

A

The centre of the macula, area of the most acute vision

28
Q

From posterior to anterior, what are the layers of the retina?

A

Photoreceptors
Ganglion cells
Axons of ganglion cells

29
Q

What is the arterial supply to the eye?

A

Internal carotid –> opthalmic –> central retinal artery

30
Q

What vein is the only vein draining the retina?

A

Central retinal vein

31
Q

What is the “Danger Triangle”?

A

Area from upper lip to external nose where it is easy to pierce a superficial vein. Infection can get in here and theoretically the infection can get to the brain through lack of valves

32
Q

What are the extrocular muscles of the eye?

A 
Superior rectus 
Inferior rectus 
Medial rectus 
Lateral rectus 
Superior oblique 
Inferior oblique 
Levator palpebrae superioris
33
Q

Where does the extraocular muscles of the eye attach to?

A

The sclera

34
Q

What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Lifts the upper eyelid

35
Q

What is the mnemonic about nerve supply to the extramuscles of the eye?

A

LR6 SO4 AO3

36
Q

What extraocular muscles does the aducens nerve supply?

A

Lateral rectus

37
Q

What extraocular muscles does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

Superior oblique

38
Q

What extraocular muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?

A 
Medial rectus 
Superior rectus 
Inferior rectus 
Inferior oblique 
Levator palpebrae superioris
39
Q

What are the 4 axis of movement of the eye?

A

Vertical axis
Transverse axis
Anteroposterior axis
apex of orbit

40
Q

Most extraocular muscles have secondary muscles, but two of them do not. What are the 2 muscles?

A

Medial and lateral rectus

41
Q

What is the primary function does the lateral rectus have?

A

Adduction of eyeball

42
Q

What is the primary function of the superior oblique?

A

When in abduction, can only elevate

43
Q

What is the primary function of the inferior rectus?

A

When in abdution, can only depress

44
Q

What is the primary function of the medial rectus?

A

Adduct eye ball, bring nose toward the nasal cavity

45
Q

What is the primary function of the inferior oblique muscle?

A

When in adduction, can only elevate

46
Q

What is the primary function of the superior oblique?

A

When in adduction, can only depress

47
Q

What muscles contribute towards “Pure Elevation”?

A

Superior rectus and Inferior oblique

48
Q

What muscles contribute toward “Pure Depression”?

A

Inferior rectus and the superior oblique

Anatomy (10 decks)

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