Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Flashcards
What are the 3 main pairs of salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
(there are also minor salivary glands)
Where are the minor salivary glands situated?
Oral mucosa
Lips
Cheeks
Palate
What muscles does the parotid gland over lap?
The Masseter
What is the opening of the submandibular duct?
Sublingual Papilla
What is the muscles of the mouths floor?
Mylohyoid
What is the parasympathetic innervation (secretomotor) of the parotid?
CN IX
What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
CN V3
What is the special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
CN VII
What us there general AND sensory supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
CN IX
What is the structure called that signifies the opening of where the thyroglossal duct used to be?
Foramen Caecum
What are the four pairs of muscles of the tongue?
Palatoglossal
Hyoglossal
Styloglossal
Genioglossal
What structure does the hypoglossal nerve travel into in the posterior cranial fossa?
Hypoglossal canal
What is the clinical test to show the CN XII is working correctly?
Ask patient to stick out the tongue
If CN XII is working then it will stick out in the midline
If unilateral CN XII damage the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve
Arterial supply to the tongue?
Lingual artery
What nerve innervates the soft palate (apart from the tensor veli palatini)?
CN VX
What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?
CN V3
What are the functions of the soft palate being a “trap door”?
1) stops food entering the nose during swallowing
2) directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
3) helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex
What is the clinical testing for CN X and CN V3?
Ask the patient to say “Ahhh”
if the nerves are functioning normally the uvula should lift straight up in the MIDLINE
if there is unilateral nerve pathology the uvula will be PULLED AWAY FROM the non functioning side by the normal side
Where do the pharynx muscles insert into?
The midline raphe
What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and what do they do?
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Elevate pharynx and larynx
Where do the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert into?
Posterior border of thyroid cartilage
What nerve supplies the Palatopharyngeus and the
Salpingopharyngeus ?
CN X
What nerve supplies the Stylopharyngeus
CN IX
What are the different tonsils ?
Palatine Adenoid Lingual Tubal "palate associate lymphoid tissue"
