Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx

Question 1

What are the 3 main pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 1

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
(there are also minor salivary glands)

Question 2

Where are the minor salivary glands situated?

Answer 2

Oral mucosa
Lips
Cheeks
Palate

Question 3

What muscles does the parotid gland over lap?

Answer 3

The Masseter

Question 4

What is the opening of the submandibular duct?

Answer 4

Sublingual Papilla

Question 5

What is the muscles of the mouths floor?

Answer 5

Mylohyoid

Question 6

What is the parasympathetic innervation (secretomotor) of the parotid?

Answer 6

CN IX

Question 7

What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 7

CN V3

Question 8

What is the special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 8

CN VII

Question 9

What us there general AND sensory supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 9

CN IX

Question 10

What is the structure called that signifies the opening of where the thyroglossal duct used to be?

Answer 10

Foramen Caecum

Question 11

What are the four pairs of muscles of the tongue?

Answer 11

Palatoglossal
Hyoglossal
Styloglossal
Genioglossal

Question 12

What structure does the hypoglossal nerve travel into in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 12

Hypoglossal canal

Question 13

What is the clinical test to show the CN XII is working correctly?

Answer 13

Ask patient to stick out the tongue
If CN XII is working then it will stick out in the midline
If unilateral CN XII damage the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve

Question 14

Arterial supply to the tongue?

Answer 14

Lingual artery

Question 15

What nerve innervates the soft palate (apart from the tensor veli palatini)?

Answer 15

CN VX

Question 16

What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 16

CN V3

Question 17

What are the functions of the soft palate being a “trap door”?

Answer 17

1) stops food entering the nose during swallowing
2) directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
3) helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

Question 18

What is the clinical testing for CN X and CN V3?

Answer 18

Ask the patient to say “Ahhh”
if the nerves are functioning normally the uvula should lift straight up in the MIDLINE
if there is unilateral nerve pathology the uvula will be PULLED AWAY FROM the non functioning side by the normal side

Question 19

Where do the pharynx muscles insert into?

Answer 19

The midline raphe

Question 20

What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and what do they do?

Answer 20

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

Elevate pharynx and larynx

Question 21

Where do the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert into?

Answer 21

Posterior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 22

What nerve supplies the Palatopharyngeus and the

Salpingopharyngeus ?

Answer 22

CN X

Question 23

What nerve supplies the Stylopharyngeus

Answer 23

CN IX

Question 24

What are the different tonsils ?

Answer 24

Palatine 
Adenoid 
Lingual 
Tubal 
"palate associate lymphoid tissue"