Dermatology

Question 1

What are the 2 fascia types?

Answer 1

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

Question 2

What is superficial fascia composed of?

Answer 2

Loose connective tissue and fat. Contains the vessels, nerves and lymphatics

Question 3

What is the deep fascia composed of?

Answer 3

Dense connective tissue

Question 4

What are the 2 types of deep fascia?

Answer 4

Fascia lata

Gluteal fascia

Question 5

What separates the compartments of muscles within the limbs ?

Answer 5

Intermuscular septa

Question 6

Name the arteries of the upper limb in their direction of flow

Answer 6

Subclavian 
Axillary 
Brachial (which bifurcates) 
Radial  (forms deep palmar arch) 
Ulnar (forms superficial palmar arch)

Question 7

Name the veins of the upper limb

Answer 7

Subclavian vein
Axillary vein
Cephalic vein
Basillic vein
Brachial veins (venae comitantes)
Median cubital vein
Dorsal venous network

Question 8

Which veins of the upper limb are superficial?

Answer 8

Cephalic
Basillic
Medial cubital
Dorsal venous network

Question 9

What veins of the upper limb are deep?

Answer 9

Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial (venae comitantes)

Question 10

What are the arteries of the lower limb?

Answer 10

Femoral 
Porfunda femorus 
Popliteal 
Anterior tibial 
Posterior tibial 
Fibular 
Medial plantar 
Lateral plantar
Plantar arch 
Dorsilis paedis 
Arcuate artery

Question 11

What are the 3 branches of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 11

Fibular
Medial plantar
Lateral plantar

Question 12

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 12

Space between adductor meatus muscle and femur, allowing passage of femoral vessels

Question 13

What are the veins in the lower limb?

Answer 13

Femoral
Popliteal
Great saphenous
Small saphenous

Question 14

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 14

Great saphenous and lower saphenous

Question 15

What are the deep veins of the lower limb?

Answer 15

Femoral and popliteal

Question 16

Is the great saphenous vein lateral or medial?

Answer 16

Medial

Question 17

Is the small saphenous vein lateral or medial?

Answer 17

Lateral

Question 18

Where does the great and small saphenous vein originate from?

Answer 18

Dorsal venous arch

Question 19

Which deep veins does the small saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 19

Popliteal

Question 20

Which deep vein does the great saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 20

Femoral

Question 21

Which deep vein does the popliteal vein drain into?

Answer 21

Femoral

Question 22

What is the mechanism that allows blood to be pumped through the veins back to the heart?

Answer 22

Musculovenous pump

Question 23

What venous valve are incompetent, what pathology can occur?

Answer 23

Varicose veins

Question 24

Digital arteries are end arteries, what does this mean in terms of adrenaline-containing anaesthetic?

Answer 24

Cannot use, as causes arteries to seize

Question 25

What are the 2 pulse points in the upper limb?

Answer 25

Brachial | Radial

Question 26

What are the 4 pulse points in the lower limb?

Answer 26

Femoral Popliteal Posterior tibial Dorsalis paedis

Question 27

What pathological causes reduced arterial perfusion pressure?

Answer 27

LV failure Arterial bleed (injury) Arterial rupture (aneurysm) Occlusion of lumen (athersclerosis, PVD) Arterial spasm External compression of arterial supply e.g. tumour, compartment syndrome, crossing legs, inflammation, tamponade

Question 28

What pathological causes increase venous drainage pressure?

Answer 28

Right of congestive heart failure DVT External compression e.g. tumour

Question 29

In a venous ulceration, which two veins are most commonly associated?

Answer 29

Great and small saphenous veins

Question 30

What is the "gaiter area"?

Answer 30

An area of the medial aspect of distal leg which is the most common site for venous ulceration (supplied by great saphenous)

Question 31

What are the main groups of lymph nodes in the upper limb?

Answer 31

Apical axillary nodes Central axillary nodes Lateral axillary nodes Cubital axillary nodes

Question 32

What are the main groups of lymph nodes in the lower limb?

Answer 32

Deep linguinal Superficiall linguinal Popliteal

Question 33

What is the standard suturing method used in removing small skin lesions?

Answer 33

Elliptical excision