Opthalmology Flashcards
what age is a squint common?
common in neonate - should have gone by 3 months, if unable to see the squint in the examination or review, then refer to opthalm
management of conjunctivitis?
chloramphenicol drops - to be used every 2 hours , generally every 3-4 hours is sufficient if less severe infection
chloramphenicol ointment - every 3-4 hours
what is episcleritis?
inflammation
Management of episcleritis?
reassurance
settles on its own
can use artifical eye drops and oral anti-inflammatories
symptoms of episcleritis?
generally not painful
can have some discomfort or aching
redness
no changes to vision
symptoms of scleritis?
vision is blurrred, focus gone
pain +++ in the eye, pain tends to be deep in the eye
management of scleritis?
refer urgently to eye casualty
what is a Pterygium (surfer’s eye)?
Raised, fleshy, triangular-shaped growth that starts in the corner of your eye. Long-term exposure to UV light is the main cause.
mangement of Pterygium?
refer to opthalmology if affecting vision
what are cataracts?
symptoms of cataracts?
double vision
hard to read
difficult to recognise faces
difficulty with glare in particular
management of cataracts?
surgical intervention - referral to opthalmology
iritis symptoms?
very painful
red eye
irregular pupil
blurring of vision
what is iritis associated with?
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammatory conditions
management of iritis?
refer urgently to opthalmology
symptoms of blepharitis?
dry eye lids
crusty
bilateral
can be associated with dry skin eleswhere
most common in changes in temperature
management of blepharitis?
what is a stye?
management of stye?
hot compress
stop contact lenses
can use abx eye drops if worsening
what is a chalazion?
harmless cyst caused by a blocked meibomian gland in the eyelid
Management of chalazion?
watch and wait, usually no intervention needed, takes 1-2 years to resolve if particularly large or bothersome, can be surgically removed
symptoms of gluacoma?
visual field loss
optic never changes
rasied IOP
what are the 4 types of glaucoma?
primary closed angle
chronic simple
congenital
secondary
what is macular degeneration?
age related changes in the eye
symptoms of age related macular degeneration?
visual distortions
reading problems
blurring central vision
floaters
hallucinations
peripheral vision normal - central blurring of vision
what are the two different types of macular degeneration?
wet and dry
what is dacrocystitis?
infection of the nasolacrimal sac due to obstruction
how long does it take for a subconjunctival haemorrhage to settle?
resolves on its own in 10-14 days
what can episcleritis indicate in crohns/UC?
when they flare they can indicate active disease or a flare or UC/crohns
what is a pterygium?
a raised, fleshy, triangular-shaped growth that starts in the corner of your eye. Long-term exposure to UV light is the main cause. It may not cause symptoms, but sometimes, it can irritate your eye, and if it grows too much, it can affect your vision.
how to treat dacrocystits?
oral flucloxacilin course and review
