Opthalmology

Question 1

what age is a squint common?

Answer 1

common in neonate - should have gone by 3 months, if unable to see the squint in the examination or review, then refer to opthalm

Question 2

management of conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

chloramphenicol drops - to be used every 2 hours , generally every 3-4 hours is sufficient if less severe infection

chloramphenicol ointment - every 3-4 hours

Question 3

what is episcleritis?

Question 4

Management of episcleritis?

Answer 4

reassurance
settles on its own
can use artifical eye drops and oral anti-inflammatories

Question 5

symptoms of episcleritis?

Question 6

symptoms of scleritis?

Answer 6

vision is blurrred, focus gone
pain +++ in the eye, pain tends to be deep in the eye

Question 7

management of scleritis?

Answer 7

refer urgently to eye casualty

Question 8

what is a Pterygium (surfer’s eye)?

Answer 8

Raised, fleshy, triangular-shaped growth that starts in the corner of your eye. Long-term exposure to UV light is the main cause.

Question 9

mangement of Pterygium?

Answer 9

refer to opthalmology if affecting vision

Question 10

what are cataracts?

Question 11

symptoms of cataracts?

Answer 11

double vision
hard to read
difficult to recognise faces
difficulty with glare in particular

Question 12

management of cataracts?

Answer 12

surgical intervention - referral to opthalmology

Question 13

iritis symptoms?

Answer 13

very painful
red eye
irregular pupil
blurring of vision

Question 14

what is iritis associated with?

Answer 14

ankylosing spondylitis
inflammatory conditions

Question 15

management of iritis?

Answer 15

refer urgently to opthalmology

Question 16

symptoms of blepharitis?

Answer 16

dry eye lids
crusty
bilateral
can be associated with dry skin eleswhere
most common in changes in temperature

Question 17

management of blepharitis?

Question 18

what is a stye?

Question 19

management of stye?

Answer 19

hot compress
stop contact lenses
can use abx eye drops if worsening

Question 20

what is a chalazion?

Answer 20

harmless cyst caused by a blocked meibomian gland in the eyelid

Question 21

Management of chalazion?

Answer 21

watch and wait, usually no intervention needed, takes 1-2 years to resolve if particularly large or bothersome, can be surgically removed

Question 22

symptoms of gluacoma?

Answer 22

visual field loss
optic never changes
rasied IOP

Question 23

what are the 4 types of glaucoma?

Answer 23

primary closed angle
chronic simple
congenital
secondary

Question 24

what is macular degeneration?

Answer 24

age related changes in the eye

Question 25

symptoms of age related macular degeneration?

Answer 25

visual distortions
reading problems
blurring central vision
floaters
hallucinations
peripheral vision normal - central blurring of vision

Question 26

what are the two different types of macular degeneration?

Answer 26

wet and dry

Question 27

what is dacrocystitis?

Answer 27

infection of the