Opthalmology Flashcards
Conjunctivitis different types?
Allergic
Viral
Bacterial
Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms?
Watery discharge, ITCHY, nasal symptoms, bilateral
Viral conjunctivitis symptoms?
Watery discharge, flu
Sticky eyes, recent URTI, bilateral disease, +/- herpetic vesicular rash (if HSV)
Bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms?
Sticky discharge
Purulent discharge, sticky eyes, unilateral, pannus (blood vessels invading)
Conjunctivitis investigations?
Slit lamp
Gram stain if suspect N. gonorrhoea
Conjunctivitis conservative management?
Don’t share towels, don’t touch face/eyes, don’t wear contacts, wash hands and face
Conjunctivitis (infective) management?
CHLORAMPHENICOL
Fusidic acid in pregnant women
Azithromycin/erythromycin
Conjunctivitis (allergic) management?
Antihistamines
Background retinopathy findings? Fundoscopy
Dot and blot haemorrhages, hard exudates
Pre-proliferative retinopathy findings? Fundoscopy
Background + cotton wool spots
Proliferative retinopathy findings? Fundoscop
New vessels on optic disc (neovascularisation)
Often associated with retinal detachment and vitreous haemorrhage (dark curtain) = visual loss
Background retinopathy management?
Improve glycaemic control
Pre-proliferative + proliferative retinopathy management?
Pan-retinal photocoagulation
Maculopathy presentation?
Hard exudates near macula
Maculopathy management?
Intra-vitreal VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitors
Optic neuritis causes?
MS - commonest associated disease
Diabetes
Syphilis
Optic neuritis history and examination?
Unilateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or days
Poor discrimination of colours, ‘red desaturation’
Pain worse on eye movement
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Central scotoma
Optic neuritis investigations?
MRI of brain and orbits with gadolinium contrast
Optic neuritis management?
High-dose steroids
IV methylprednisolone
