Opthalmology

Question 1

Conjunctiva begins to grow onto cornea
Blurred vision
Eye irritation-Itching, burning
growth appears swollen and red

Answer 1

Pterygium

Eyedrops and refer opthalmologist

Question 2

Acute localized infection or inflammation of eyelid margin to hair follicles of eyelash or meibomian glands (internal and rare).

Dx, tx MC infection?

Answer 2

Hordeolum
vast majority resolves spontaneously

staph

Question 3

Lower eyelid inward

Answer 3

Entropion

artificial tears

Question 4

Lower eyelid outward exposing palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 4

Ectropion

Artificial tears

Question 5

Depression (sad) after getting artificial tears. why? tx:

Answer 5

They’re very depressed b/c they can’t see due to this film on their eye.
Then you get wipe it off and they’re ☺

Question 6

Inflammation of eyelids (lid margins).

Answer 6

Blepharitis

Question 7

Dandruff/skin flaking on face and scalp can cause:

Answer 7

Seborrheic blepharitis

Question 8

Blepharitis is apparently associated iwth:

Answer 8

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 9

Posterior Blepharitis is associated with:

Answer 9

Acne Rosacea

Question 10

Hard non-tender swelling
Painless, present for weeks to months
Conjunctiva red and elevated near lesion
May distort vision if near cornea

Answer 10

Chalazion

Question 11

Ipsilateral preauricular lymphadenopathy.

Answer 11

Viral Conjunctivitis

Sulfonamide drops to prevent secondary bacterial infection

Question 12

Copious purulent discharge from both eyes (yellow/green)
Mild discomfort/sticky eyes
Complications: corneal ulcer (very painful, affects vision)

Answer 12

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Fluoroquinolones

Question 13

neonatal conjunctivitis organism:

Answer 13

Chlamydia/Gonococcal

Question 14

Giemsa stain shows polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Answer 14

Chlamydial/GonococcalConjunctivitis

Question 15

Nasolacrimal obstruction leading to sac infection. Kid’s got a bump by his tear duct.

Answer 15

Dacryocystitis

Question 16

Child is being treated for dacrocystiis w/ antibiotics. After 2 weeks therapy, no change in condition

Answer 16

Consider fungal infection

add antifungal med

Question 17

Kid comes in w/ unilateral periorbial cellulitis. *It is ___ until proven otherwise

Answer 17

a foreign body until proven otherwise! He found GI joe’s hand grenade, and decided this would look really good shoved up my left nostril. Leads to redness around the eye.

Question 18

conjunctival injection. eom nontender

Answer 18

Periorbital cellulitis

Question 19

tenderness with EOM, no redness.

Answer 19

Orbital cellulitis

Question 20

dx corneal abrasion

Answer 20

fluorescein dye shows dendritic lesions (means herpes, can’t do steroids)

Question 21

Dx of blow out fracture

Answer 21

CT scan of facial bones

Question 22

When you see Hyphema - always think of a __

Answer 22

Globe Rupture.

Question 23

Circumcorneal injection (redness around cornea): ciliary flush
Moderate deep aching pain/photophobia
Blurred vision
Small irregular non reactive pupil

Answer 23

Iritis

Question 24

Unilateral acute visual loss
Improves in 2-3 weeks
Pain with eye movement
Color vision loss
Marcus gunn pupil 

associated with:?

Answer 24

Optic Neuritis

*associated with MS. refer to opth!

Question 25

Leading cause of blindness in adults in USA

Answer 25

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 26

Visual loss Floaters/flashing lights as initial symptoms Retinal tear on fundoscopic exam

Answer 26

Retinal detachment

Question 27

``` PAINLESS loss of vision. Cherry red spot on fovea Swelling of the retina Optic nerve is pale Cotton wool spots to area affected ```

Answer 27

Retinal artery occlusion

Question 28

Asymptomatic until late Slow progressive peripheral field visual loss Increased cup: disc ratio

Answer 28

Open-Angle Glaucoma

Question 29

``` Ocular pain/decreased vision Halos around lights Conjunctiva injected/cornea cloudy Pupil mid-dilated N/V Visual field defects/ enlarged optic disk with pallor ```

Answer 29

Angle Closure Glaucoma

Question 30

Cannot align both eyes simultaneously. Specific to weakness of extraocular muscles. Deviation varies depending on the direction of gaze

Answer 30

Paralytic Strabismus

Question 31

Cannot align both eyes simultaneously. Short length or improper insertion of extraocular muscles. Deviation is constant in all directions of gaze.

Answer 31

Non paralytic Strabismus