Opthalmology

Question 1

Loss of colour vision and reduced acuity?

Answer 1

Typically optic neuritis

Question 2

Feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy which can cause vitreous haemorrhage?

Answer 2

Neovascularisation

Question 3

Earliest feature of diabetic retionopathy?

Answer 3

Microvascular aneurysms

Question 4

Acetazolamide/dorzolamide mechanism? What do they do?

Answer 4

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Lower IO pressure

Question 5

Band keratopathy association?

Answer 5

Sarcoid
(or any hypercalcaemia)

Question 6

MS vs NMO/MOG disease?

Answer 6

In NMO/MOG the visual loss is often severe and bilateral, with profound optic disc swelling

Question 7

Connective tissue disease and a painful red eye?

Answer 7

Uveitis

Question 8

Findings in CMV retinitis?

Answer 8

Necrotising vasculitis with haemorrhages
“bushfire”

Question 9

Classic occular finding in acne rosacea?

Answer 9

Keratitis

Question 10

Peripheral visual loss, night vision loss and myopia? Either fit and well or syndromic

Answer 10

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 11

Arteriolar attenuation, pigmented bone spicules in the periphery and waxy optic disc pallor?

Answer 11

RP

Question 12

What, primarily, is dysfunctional in retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 12

Rods (rhodopsin protein)

Question 13

Occular finding in Marfans?

Answer 13

Ectopia lentis (lens subluxation or dislocation)

Question 14

Lisch nodules of the iris?

Answer 14

Neurofibromatosis

Question 15

Where may the lesion be in Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 15

Go by the level of anhydrosis

Head, arms and trunk = central lesion

Just face = pre=ganglionic i.e. Pancoast’s or cervical rib

Absent = carotid artery

Question 16

Primary angle closure glaucoma management?

Answer 16

1st line Prostaglandin analogues e.g. LatanoPROst
These increase uveoscleral outflow

2nd line BB or carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - these reduce aqueous production

Question 17

Sudden painless loss of vision with a dense shadow starting peripherally and moving centrally?

Answer 17

Retinal detachment

Question 18

Loss of vision and cherry red spot?

Answer 18

Retinal artery occlusion

Question 19

Flashes and floaters?

Answer 19

Vitrious detachment

Question 20

Visual deterioration and hazy cornea?

Answer 20

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 21

Central scotoma =?

Answer 21

Optic neuritis

Question 22

Drug causes of acute glaucoma?

Answer 22

TCA
Anticholinergics
Dilating drops

Question 23

Superior vs inferior hemianopia?

Answer 23

PITS
Parietal = inferior
Temporal = superior

Question 24

Drusen

Answer 24

Dry AMD

Question 25

Emergency management of acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 25

IV acetazolamide
Eye drops

Question 26

Irregular dark red lines radiating from the optic nerve?

Answer 26

Angioid retinal streaks

Question 27

Treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 27

Laser

Question 28

Bevacizumab mechanism?

Answer 28

Anti VEGF

Question 29

Who can you not give antioxidant supplements to in macular degeneration?

Answer 29

Smokers