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MRCP 1 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Drug causes of SIADH?

A

Carbamazepine, SSRI, SUs, TCAs

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2
Q

Hashimotos thyroid cancer association?

A

MALT

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3
Q

MEN 1?

A

PTH
Pituitary
Pancreas

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4
Q

MEN IIa?

A

Phaeo
Medullary Thyroid Ca
PTH

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5
Q

MEN IIb?

A

Phaeo
Medullary Thyroid Ca
Marfanoid
Fibromas

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6
Q

Hypokalaemia but normotensive, often presenting in childhood with failure to thrive?

A

Bartters

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7
Q

Bartters defect?

A

Sodium potassium chloride pump in ascending limb of LoH

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8
Q

Hypercalcaemia with (inappropriately) high PTH?

A

Primary HPTH

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9
Q

SU mechanism?

A

Potassium ATP channel
Increase stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic B-cells and decrease hepatic clearance of insulin

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10
Q

Mainstay of treatment for MODY?

A

Gliclazide

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11
Q

Most common thyroid tumour, esp in young females?

A

Papillary

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12
Q

Thyroid malignancy in elderly females causing pressure symptoms?

A

Anplastic

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13
Q

Solitary nodule thyroid cancer?

A

Follicular

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14
Q

Gestational diabetes thresholds?

A

fasting glucose is >= 5.6 mmol/L
2-hour glucose is >= 7.8 mmol/L

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15
Q

First line for suspected acromegaly

A

IGF-1 measurement

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16
Q

DPP4s, examples and mechanism?

A

Gliptins
Think incretins

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17
Q

Hypothyroid
TPO
Goitre

A

Hashimoto’s

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18
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause? What specific blood marker will be elevated?

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency
17-hydroxyprogesterone

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19
Q

Grave’s disease management?

A

Initially propranolol for symptoms
Then carbimazole
If euthyroid add thyroxine

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20
Q

RET oncogene?

A

Men IIa and IIb

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21
Q

First line hormonal treatment for prolactinoma?

A

Cabergoline

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22
Q

Glitazones mechanism and SEs

A

agonists of PPAR-gamma receptors, reducing peripheral insulin resistance

Weight gain
Fluid retention - not used in CCF
Liver injury

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23
Q

Hashimoto’s antibiody?

A

Anti TPO

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24
Q

Drug therapy in stress incontinence?

A

Duloxetine

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25
Q

Gynaecomastia drug causes?

A

Spiro
Digoxin
Finasteride
Gosrelin

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26
Q

Most common cause of Conn’s?

A

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

27
Q

PCOS management:
1. Infertility
2. Acne and hirsutism

A
  1. Weight loss
    Metformin if obese, clomifene
  2. COCP, if fails then topical eflornithene
28
Q

Statins safe in pregnancy?

A

No

29
Q

Antibodies in Grave’s?

A

TSH receptor-stimulating

30
Q

Extrathyroid features unique to Grave’s?

A

Pretibial myxoedema
Thyroid acropachy

31
Q

Gitelmans features?

A

Normotension
Hypokalaemia
Hypocalciuria
Hypomagnasaemia
Metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

History that sounds like a brief period of hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism?

A

Subacute (de Quervein’s) thyroiditis

33
Q

Presentation of insulinoma?

A

Hypoglycaemia: typically early in morning or just before meal, e.g. diplopia, weakness etc
Rapid weight gain may be seen!!

34
Q

Hypocalaemia ECG finding?

A

Long QT

35
Q

Most common non-iatrogenic cause of Cushing’s?

A

Pituitary tumour

36
Q

Very high cholesterol and slight hyponatraemia?

A

Pseudohyponatraemia

37
Q

Criteria for parathyroidectomy?

A

Age under 50 years.
Adjusted serum calcium concentration that is 0.25 mmol/L or more above the upper end of the reference range.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 although this threshold depends on other factors, such as age.
Renal stones or presence of nephrocalcinosis on ultrasound or CT.
Presence of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture.
Symptomatic disease

38
Q

PTU or carbimazole in pregnancy?

A

PTU first trimester
Carbimazole after that

39
Q

General HbA1c target in T1DM?

A

48

40
Q

Target after commencing statin use in primary CVD prevention?

A

A greater than 40% reduction in non-HDL cholesterol

41
Q

Familial hypercholesterolaemia inheritance and management?

A

AD
High dose statins

42
Q

Tall, infertile, small firm testicles?
Karyotype?

A

Kleinfelter’s
47XXY

43
Q

Mention of some secondary sexual characteristics in a largely female phenotype with “hernia”?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome - those herniae are undescended testicles

44
Q

Most common MODY gene?

A

HNF-1 alpha

45
Q

Mechanism responsible for hypercalcaemia in malignancy?

A

Parathyroid-hormone-related peptide

46
Q

Increased cancer risk in acromegaly?

A

Colorectal

47
Q

Phaeo and large port wine naevus on one side of the face?

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

48
Q

Amenorrhoea and clitoromegaly?

A

CAH

49
Q

Drug therapy you can use in lithium induced diabetes insipidus to help with polyuria?

A

A thiazide

50
Q

When is classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia diagnosed? (and can be helpful therefore in questions)

A

At birth (therefore presentation in an older girl likely to be non-classical

51
Q

First line antiemetic in gastroparesis?

A

Domperidone

52
Q

Amenorrhoea and high FSH, low oestrogen?

A

Primary ovarian failure

53
Q

What complication will the vast majority of diabetic patients have?

A

Retinopathy

54
Q

Cushings-sounding history but mildly raised cortisol and loads of alcohol?

A

Pseudocushings

55
Q

Number one cause of dialysis dependant ESRF in UK/US?

A

Diabetic nephropathy

56
Q

High alk phos, bone lesions in otherwise well man?

A

Paget’s

57
Q

Most frequently reported SE of HRT

A

Breast tenderness

58
Q

Preferred alpha blocker in phaeo?

A

Phenoxybenzamine
(preferred over doxasocin)

59
Q

What hormone suppresses LH and FSH?

A

Prolactin

60
Q

Prolactinoma - micro or macro more common?

A

Micro

61
Q

Retinal haemangioblastomas?

A

VHL

62
Q

Parathyroid sounding question with short neck, short 4th and 5th metacarpals?

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

63
Q

Chromaffin cells produce what?

A

Dopamine

64
Q

Delayed puberty and anosmia?

A

Kallmans

MRCP 1 (24 decks)

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