Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BVetMed4 - Optho > Opthalmic Examination > Flashcards

Opthalmic Examination Flashcards

1
Q

How should you broadly approach an ophthalmic examination?

A

Outside to inside

(Look at the orbits and facial symmetry, then go inside the eye and work back until you get to the retina and optic n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tonometry?

A

Measuring IOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal IOP for a dog and cat?

A

15 - 20 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What key features should be obtained in the history for an ophthalmic exam?

A

Signalment
Reason for consult - change in appearance? Loss of vision? Ocular pain?
Duration of signs
Systemic signs of dz?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should you do after the clinical history has been take?

A

Hands off examination

  • facial symmetry
  • size and position of eye
  • watch them walking
  • BCS estimate
  • Discharge
  • Abnormal eyelid or third eyelid?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When would you not perform retropulsion of the globes?

A

if a rupture is suspected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do you expect to see from retropulsion of the globes?

A

Eyes should go back a little in the orbit as there is a fat pad which sits behind the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should be performed during the hands on examination?

A 
Palpation and gentle retropulsion 
Closer examination of the adnexa 
External examination of the globe 
- Conjunctiva and episclera + cornea 
Palpebral reflex 
Menace response 
Vestibulo-ocular reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nerves does touching the medial and lateral canthus test?

A

MEDIAL - ophthalmic branch of CNV

LATERAL - maxillary branch of CNV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should you perform the Schirmer tear test?

Why?

A

BEFORE you shine any light in the eye, manipulate the eye or apply topical solution

  • shining light (etc) in the eye can make eyes water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the STT assess?

A

The reservoir of tears normally in the conjunctiva and the reflex production from mild corneal stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal range for STT readings?

A

15mm/min + = normal

15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can you assess using focal light examination?

A

Dazzle reflex, PLR, Swinging light test

Retro illumination - pupillary size and shape, Presence of opacity

Dark room - eyelids, ocular surface, iris, anterior chamber, lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dazzle reflex?

A

Shine light across eye

Blink and head turn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How should you position yourself for performing retro illumination?

Why?

A

At arms length, lower than the eye

So you can see the dorsal retina
- if not, see the non tapetal fundus which is black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What term is used to describe pupils of different sizes?

A

Anisocoria

17
Q

What is Dyscoria?

A

Abnormal shape of the pupil

18
Q

What can cause dyscoria?

A

Adhesions between the iris and the lens

19
Q

How can you tell which pupil is abnormal when a patient presents with anisocoria?

A

An abnormally large pupil will make the anisocoria become LESS evident in the DARK as the other pupil dilates

An abnormally small pupil will make the anisocoria become MORE obvious in the DARK as abnormal pupil can’t dilate

20
Q

What glands produce the tear film?

A

Meibomian glands

21
Q

What is the role of tear film?

A

Helps maintain corneal clarity

22
Q

What makes the cornea clear?

A

No BVs, pigment or myelinated nerves

23
Q

How should light normally reflect from the eye?

A

Smooth reflection of light

24
Q

What might a broken up, mottled reflection of light from the eye indicate?

A

Potentially dry surface

25
Q

Where would you find an axial corneal lesion?

A

In the CENTRE

26
Q

Where would you find a paraxial lesion in the cornea?

A

Between the centre and the periphery

27
Q

What is Hyphaema?

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

28
Q

What is hypopion?

A

WBCs in the anterior chamber

29
Q

What are keratic precipitates?

A

Specks of debris on the corneal endothelium

30
Q

What do keratic precipitates indicate?

A

chronic uveitis

31
Q

What is the Tyndall effect?

How can this be assessed?

A

Aqueous flare

Focal light examination - no gap in light beam as it passes through anterior chamber

(Should be gap)

32
Q

What diagnostic value does tonometry have?

A

IOP changes in:

Glaucoma
Uveitis
Keratitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis and orbital cellulitis

33
Q

What components of the fundus should you look for?

A 
Optic n. 
Retinal vasculature/ tapetum 
Tapeto- non tapetal junction
Non tapetal fundus 
Periphery fundus
34
Q

What is the difference between direct and indirect opthalmoscopy?

A

Direct: - just using the scope -
Upright image of the fundus
Limited but detailed field of view

Indirect: - looking through a lens -
Virtual Inverted
Pupils need to be dilated

35
Q

What is the Jones test?

A

Apply fluorescein
Wait for around 4 mins
If dye can be seen in nose, nasolacrimal duct isn’t blocked (look with UV)

BVetMed4 - Optho (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions