Opthalmic Examination Flashcards
What are the main ways to exams the eyes?
- Observation
- STT1
- Menace response
- Examination with light
- Fluorescein staining
- Tonometry
- Imaging
What changes can be present in the anterior chamber?
- Aqueous flare
- Keratic precipitates
- Hyphema
- Hypopyon
- Posterior synechia
- Anterior lens luxation
- Anterior presentation of the vitreous
What are the three light examination techniques?
- Transillumination/Slit Exam
- Direct ophthalmoscopy
- Indirect ophthalmoscopy
What are the different types of direct ophthalmoscopy?
Distant direct ophthalmoscopy
Close direct ophthalmoscopy
What does distant direct ophthalmoscopy allow you to differentiate between?
Differentiate between nuclear sclerosis from a cataract.
What does close direct ophthalmoscopy allow you to view?
It allows you to view the posterior segment of the eye (retina mostly, vitreous and lens).
What does indirect ophthalmoscopy allow you to view?
Allows you to view the fundus
What are you looking for on distant direct ophthalmoscopy?
A tapetal reflect
How does fluorescein work?
It adheres to storm and repels epithelium thus allows for viewing of ulcers
What a the normal range of intraocular pressure?
12-22 mmHg
What imaging can be used of the eye?
Ultrasound, CT and MRI
What does the green light on an ophthalmoscope allow you to do?
Differentiate blood/vessels from pigment. Blood appears black whilst pigment appears brown.
What is keratic precipitates?
White blood cells, typically in association with fibrin which adhere to the inner corneal endothelium.
What is aqueous flare?
Increased protein and cells in the anterior chamber that are viewed on slit examination
What is hyphema?
Blood in the anterior chamber
