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optech Flashcards

1
Q

3 extrinsic causes of staining

A

smoking
tannins - tea coffee
Chlorhexidine

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2
Q

intrinsic causes of staining

A

fluorosis
tetracycline
physiological - ageing

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3
Q

what is the first method of whitening for extrinsic staining

A

HPT

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4
Q

2 types of bleaching

A

internal non-vital bleaching
external vital bleaching

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5
Q

how does vital external bleaching work

A

active agent is H2O2
bleaching oxidises chromogenic products within the tooth substance
leads to smaller non pigmented molecules
ionic exchange in metallic molecules leading to lighter colour

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6
Q

what does H2O2 break down to form

A

water and oxygen

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7
Q

what is the active oxidising agent in H2O2

A

HO2 free radical

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8
Q

3 constituents of bleaching gel

A

carbide peroxide - active agent
carbopol - thickening agent
urea - raises pH

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9
Q

what does carbamide peroxide break down to form

A

hydrogen peroxide and urea

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10
Q

tooth desensitising agents used in bleaching gel

A

potassium nitrate
calcium phosphate
fluoride

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11
Q

4 factors affecting bleaching

A

concentration of solution
temperature
cleanliness of tooth
time

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12
Q

why is it important to ensure there are no margins om restorations before bleaching

A

leakage damages pulp

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13
Q

warnings for patient before bleaching

A

sensitivity
relapse
allergy
might not work

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14
Q

2 types of vital external bleaching

A

chair side
home

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15
Q

why is there a good initial result to teeth whitening

A

dehydration

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16
Q

maximum concentration of H2O2 legal

A

6 %

equates to 16.7% carbide peroxide

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17
Q

2 features of whitening splint

A

stops 1mm short of gingival margin

buccal spacer for gel placement

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18
Q

when should you consider bleaching

A

age related discolouration
mild fluorosis
post smoking cessation

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19
Q

predisposing indications that pt will be sensitive after whitening

A

pre existing sensitivity
high concentration of bleaching agent
gingival recession

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20
Q

issue with bleaching teeth with composite fillings

A

teeth bleach composite does not
need to change filling then upkeep bleaching

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21
Q

why should you delay restorative procedures a day ideally a week after bleaching

A

oxygen remains in the enamel structure and causes problems with bonding

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22
Q

what should never be used to whiten teeth

A

chlorine dioxide

pH3 - softens teeth - sensitivity

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23
Q

indications for internal non-vital bleaching

A

non-vital tooth
adequate RCT

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24
Q

contraindications of internal bleaching

A

staining by amalgam
heavily restored tooth

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25
risk of internal non-vital bleaching and how does it occur
external cervical resorption diffusion of H2O2 through dentine into periodontal tissues caused by too high concentration and heat
26
technique for internal bleaching
remove dark dentine etch internal tooth surface with phosphoric acid 10% carbide peroxide in cavity place cotton wool seal with GIC repeat weekly restore palatal cavity when desired shade obtained
27
when would you use microabrasion - 3
por=st porto demineralisation fluorosis demineralisation with staining
28
what is micro abrasion
combination of erosion and abrasion - acid 18%HCl and pumice removes discolouration limited to outer layers of enamel
29
3 medico legal issues of whitening
excess of 6% - fitness to practice non-registrants of gdc - prosecuted under dentist act for illegal practice non dentists supplying bleach >6% - trading standards
30
when can you use excess of 6% h2o2
prevention of disease
31
2 medical contraindications of whitening
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency acatalesemia
32
what should you do after micro abrasion to reharden the surface
apply fluoride varnish
33
consequence of too much micro abrasion
yellowing as dentine shows through sensitivity permanently
34
function of supra hyoid muscles
elevate hyoid bone and depress mandible
35
function of MOM
depress elevate and lateral movements of mandible
36
2 major movements of mandible
rotation translation
37
during the small rotational hinge movement from OVD to RVD, what axis do the condyles rotate around until the terminal hinge axis
horizontal
38
what is the face bow used to relate
maxilla to terminal hinge axis of rotation
39
what muscle contracts during translation of the condyle
lateral pterygoid
40
condyle movement during translation
down and forward
41
wear is posselts envelope
represents extremes of mandibular movement border movements of the mandible in sagittal plane
42
ICP another name
centric occlusion maximum interdigitation of the teeth
43
position of the condyle in maximum opening
full translation of condyle over articular eminence
44
position of condyle in Retruded axis position
most superior anterior position of condyler head in fossa
45
what is RCP
first tooth contact when mandible in in retruded axis position
46
what is the Bennet movement
lateral translation of the mandible
47
what is the Bennet angle
the path of the non working condyle in the horizontal plane during lateral excursion
48
origin insertion and function of Temporalis
temporal fossa coronoid process elevates and retracts mandible
49
lateral pterygoid origin insertion and function
superior head - greater wing of sphenoid inferior head - lateral border of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid inserts neck of mandible SLP positions disc on closing ILP protrudes and depresses mandible and causes lateral movement
50
medial pterygoid origin insertion and function
superficial maxillary tuberosity deep head medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate ramus of mandible - elevates mandible, lateral movement
51
masseter origin insertion and function
maxillary process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch ramps of mandible elevates mandible
52
when to mark tooth contacts
before preparing a tooth or removing a restoration after placing a crown or restoration
53
what is fremitus
palpable or visible movement of tooth when subject to occlusal forces
54
what are functional cusps
cusps that occlude with opposing teeth in intercuspal position palatal cusps of uppers buccal cusps of lowers
55
what are non function cusps
cusps that do not occlude with opposing teeth in intercuspal position palatal cusps of lowers buccal cusps of uppers
56
what is overjet
relationship between the upper and lower incisors in horizontal plane
57
normal overbite
2-4mm
58
2 ways of examining occlusion
static dynamic
59
describe canine guidance
mandible moves working side only canines contact no posterior tooth contacts
60
describe group function
mandible moves to working side and multiple teeth contact on working side
61
what teeth occlude in protrusion
only incisors +/- canines
62
3 types of occlusal interference
working side non-working side protrusive
63
what is protrusive interference
any posterior contact during protrusion
64
eccentric bruxism
grinding teeth
65
centric bruxism
clenching teeth
66
signs and symptoms of bruxism
tooth wear fractured restorations muscle pain and fatigue pain and stiffness in TMJ
67
define occlusal trauma
injury resulting in changes to PDL and supporting tissues as a result of occlusal forces
68
primary occlusal trauma vs secondary occlusal trauma
primary is intact periodontium secondary is reduced periodontium
69
Bennet angle and condylar guidance angle on average value articulator
15 bennet CGA 30
70
what is a conformative approach to recording occlusion
ICP reg without changing OVD provision of restorations in harmony with the existing jaw relationship
71
techniques to record RCP
chin point guidance bimanual manipulation
72
a mutually protected occlusion has what guidance
canine guidance
73
3 predictors of trauma outcome
timing of treatment root development severity of injury
74
potential long term complications of trauma
discolouration loss of vitality inflammatory root resorption unfavourable tooth position
75
what does yellow tooth indicate
pulp canal obliteration
76
what does pink tooth indicate
rupture of blood vessels during severe trauma - haemorrhage in pulp chamber
77
how long after trauma will you see radiographic signs of pulpal necrosis
3-4 weeks
78
treatment options for pulpal necrosis
primary endo internal bleaching extraction and prosthetic replacement
79
3 types of inflammatory root resorption
internal external replacement
80
trauma prior to prepubescent growth spurt has the highest risk of ankylosis - why?
continues alveolar growth

BDS3 CDS (11 decks)

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