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BDS3 CDS > optech > Flashcards

optech Flashcards

1
Q

3 extrinsic causes of staining

A

smoking
tannins - tea coffee
Chlorhexidine

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2
Q

intrinsic causes of staining

A

fluorosis
tetracycline
physiological - ageing

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3
Q

what is the first method of whitening for extrinsic staining

A

HPT

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4
Q

2 types of bleaching

A

internal non-vital bleaching
external vital bleaching

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5
Q

how does vital external bleaching work

A

active agent is H2O2
bleaching oxidises chromogenic products within the tooth substance
leads to smaller non pigmented molecules
ionic exchange in metallic molecules leading to lighter colour

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6
Q

what does H2O2 break down to form

A

water and oxygen

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7
Q

what is the active oxidising agent in H2O2

A

HO2 free radical

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8
Q

3 constituents of bleaching gel

A

carbide peroxide - active agent
carbopol - thickening agent
urea - raises pH

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9
Q

what does carbamide peroxide break down to form

A

hydrogen peroxide and urea

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10
Q

tooth desensitising agents used in bleaching gel

A

potassium nitrate
calcium phosphate
fluoride

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11
Q

4 factors affecting bleaching

A

concentration of solution
temperature
cleanliness of tooth
time

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12
Q

why is it important to ensure there are no margins om restorations before bleaching

A

leakage damages pulp

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13
Q

warnings for patient before bleaching

A

sensitivity
relapse
allergy
might not work

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14
Q

2 types of vital external bleaching

A

chair side
home

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15
Q

why is there a good initial result to teeth whitening

A

dehydration

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16
Q

maximum concentration of H2O2 legal

A

6 %

equates to 16.7% carbide peroxide

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17
Q

2 features of whitening splint

A

stops 1mm short of gingival margin

buccal spacer for gel placement

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18
Q

when should you consider bleaching

A

age related discolouration
mild fluorosis
post smoking cessation

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19
Q

predisposing indications that pt will be sensitive after whitening

A

pre existing sensitivity
high concentration of bleaching agent
gingival recession

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20
Q

issue with bleaching teeth with composite fillings

A

teeth bleach composite does not
need to change filling then upkeep bleaching

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21
Q

why should you delay restorative procedures a day ideally a week after bleaching

A

oxygen remains in the enamel structure and causes problems with bonding

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22
Q

what should never be used to whiten teeth

A

chlorine dioxide

pH3 - softens teeth - sensitivity

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23
Q

indications for internal non-vital bleaching

A

non-vital tooth
adequate RCT

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24
Q

contraindications of internal bleaching

A

staining by amalgam
heavily restored tooth

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25
Q

risk of internal non-vital bleaching and how does it occur

A

external cervical resorption

diffusion of H2O2 through dentine into periodontal tissues
caused by too high concentration and heat

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26
Q

technique for internal bleaching

A

remove dark dentine
etch internal tooth surface with phosphoric acid
10% carbide peroxide in cavity
place cotton wool
seal with GIC
repeat weekly
restore palatal cavity when desired shade obtained

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27
Q

when would you use microabrasion - 3

A

por=st porto demineralisation
fluorosis
demineralisation with staining

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28
Q

what is micro abrasion

A

combination of erosion and abrasion - acid 18%HCl and pumice
removes discolouration limited to outer layers of enamel

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29
Q

3 medico legal issues of whitening

A

excess of 6% - fitness to practice
non-registrants of gdc - prosecuted under dentist act for illegal practice
non dentists supplying bleach >6% - trading standards

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30
Q

when can you use excess of 6% h2o2

A

prevention of disease

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31
Q

2 medical contraindications of whitening

A

glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
acatalesemia

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32
Q

what should you do after micro abrasion to reharden the surface

A

apply fluoride varnish

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33
Q

consequence of too much micro abrasion

A

yellowing as dentine shows through
sensitivity permanently

34
Q

function of supra hyoid muscles

A

elevate hyoid bone and depress mandible

35
Q

function of MOM

A

depress elevate and lateral movements of mandible

36
Q

2 major movements of mandible

A

rotation
translation

37
Q

during the small rotational hinge movement from OVD to RVD, what axis do the condyles rotate around until the terminal hinge axis

A

horizontal

38
Q

what is the face bow used to relate

A

maxilla to terminal hinge axis of rotation

39
Q

what muscle contracts during translation of the condyle

A

lateral pterygoid

40
Q

condyle movement during translation

A

down and forward

41
Q

wear is posselts envelope

A

represents extremes of mandibular movement

border movements of the mandible in sagittal plane

42
Q

ICP another name

A

centric occlusion

maximum interdigitation of the teeth

43
Q

position of the condyle in maximum opening

A

full translation of condyle over articular eminence

44
Q

position of condyle in Retruded axis position

A

most superior anterior position of condyler head in fossa

45
Q

what is RCP

A

first tooth contact when mandible in in retruded axis position

46
Q

what is the Bennet movement

A

lateral translation of the mandible

47
Q

what is the Bennet angle

A

the path of the non working condyle in the horizontal plane during lateral excursion

48
Q

origin insertion and function of Temporalis

A

temporal fossa
coronoid process
elevates and retracts mandible

49
Q

lateral pterygoid origin insertion and function

A

superior head - greater wing of sphenoid
inferior head - lateral border of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
inserts neck of mandible

SLP positions disc on closing
ILP protrudes and depresses mandible and causes lateral movement

50
Q

medial pterygoid origin insertion and function

A

superficial maxillary tuberosity
deep head medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate

ramus of mandible - elevates mandible, lateral movement

51
Q

masseter origin insertion and function

A

maxillary process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch

ramps of mandible

elevates mandible

52
Q

when to mark tooth contacts

A

before preparing a tooth or removing a restoration
after placing a crown or restoration

53
Q

what is fremitus

A

palpable or visible movement of tooth when subject to occlusal forces

54
Q

what are functional cusps

A

cusps that occlude with opposing teeth in intercuspal position
palatal cusps of uppers
buccal cusps of lowers

55
Q

what are non function cusps

A

cusps that do not occlude with opposing teeth in intercuspal position
palatal cusps of lowers
buccal cusps of uppers

56
Q

what is overjet

A

relationship between the upper and lower incisors in horizontal plane

57
Q

normal overbite

A

2-4mm

58
Q

2 ways of examining occlusion

A

static
dynamic

59
Q

describe canine guidance

A

mandible moves working side
only canines contact
no posterior tooth contacts

60
Q

describe group function

A

mandible moves to working side and multiple teeth contact on working side

61
Q

what teeth occlude in protrusion

A

only incisors +/- canines

62
Q

3 types of occlusal interference

A

working side
non-working side
protrusive

63
Q

what is protrusive interference

A

any posterior contact during protrusion

64
Q

eccentric bruxism

A

grinding teeth

65
Q

centric bruxism

A

clenching teeth

66
Q

signs and symptoms of bruxism

A

tooth wear
fractured restorations
muscle pain and fatigue
pain and stiffness in TMJ

67
Q

define occlusal trauma

A

injury resulting in changes to PDL and supporting tissues as a result of occlusal forces

68
Q

primary occlusal trauma vs secondary occlusal trauma

A

primary is intact periodontium
secondary is reduced periodontium

69
Q

Bennet angle and condylar guidance angle on average value articulator

A

15 bennet
CGA 30

70
Q

what is a conformative approach to recording occlusion

A

ICP reg without changing OVD
provision of restorations in harmony with the existing jaw relationship

71
Q

techniques to record RCP

A

chin point guidance
bimanual manipulation

72
Q

a mutually protected occlusion has what guidance

A

canine guidance

73
Q

3 predictors of trauma outcome

A

timing of treatment
root development
severity of injury

74
Q

potential long term complications of trauma

A

discolouration
loss of vitality
inflammatory root resorption
unfavourable tooth position

75
Q

what does yellow tooth indicate

A

pulp canal obliteration

76
Q

what does pink tooth indicate

A

rupture of blood vessels during severe trauma - haemorrhage in pulp chamber

77
Q

how long after trauma will you see radiographic signs of pulpal necrosis

A

3-4 weeks

78
Q

treatment options for pulpal necrosis

A

primary endo
internal bleaching
extraction and prosthetic replacement

79
Q

3 types of inflammatory root resorption

A

internal
external
replacement

80
Q

trauma prior to prepubescent growth spurt has the highest risk of ankylosis - why?

A

continues alveolar growth

BDS3 CDS (11 decks)

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