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Opposition To The War Flashcards

1
Q

What was public oppinion like at the Beggining of the war?

A

Mostly good

Some anti-war groups spoke out agaisnt it

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2
Q

What was public opinions about the Vietnam war after Johnson escelated it?

A

The media and public become more concurned about it

Most types of people disagreed with it eg gender, race, religion…

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3
Q

Since when did MLK critisise the war in Vietnam?

A

From 1965

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4
Q

When did MLK start campaignin for an end to the Vietnam war?

What effect did this have?

A

From 1967

May have lost support for Civil Rights

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5
Q

What happene on the 2nd November 1965?

A

Norman Morrison burned hismelf alive outside the Pentagon

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6
Q

What happened “a week” after the 2nd November?

A

Roger Allan La Porte burned himself outside the UN building in New York

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7
Q

Which Senetor opposed the war?

From when?

Tive an example of how he did this?

A

Wayne Morse

From before 1965

He gave the only speach in the Senate against the Gulk of Tonkin Resolution

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8
Q

When was the Vietnam Veterans Against the War formed?

A

1967

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9
Q

What did the Vietnam Veterans Against the War do?

A

Spoke at demonstaions, held meetings, handed in their medals

Collected evidence about the miscounduct against the war eg mirder of civilians

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10
Q

How could you measure public oppinions?

A

Opinion Polls
Politicians
Demonstations

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11
Q

What was the most regular types of public polls?

A

Gallup polls

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12
Q

What did Opinion polls show?

A

How people thought about a specific issue

It could often show the movement of public feelings of an issue

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13
Q

Who could politions be used to show public opionion?

A

The way they react - they react to what they think will get them more votes

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14
Q

How could demonstrations show public opinion?

A

Their size, who took part

Especialy showed people who supported the war through counter-demonstration

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15
Q

What short term factors triggered opposition to the war?

A

Presidential change
Tet offensive - invasion of Cambodia
Mohammad Ali refused to fight
Student movements - introduction of the draft
Media coverable - seing photos of the war

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16
Q

What long term factors triggered opposition to the war?

A

Rising death toll
Loss of injury of family member
Cost of the war

Black Panthers said that they wouldn’t fight for a country where they experienced racism every day

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17
Q

In 1950 how many students were there in the US?

A

2.2 million

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18
Q

In 1965 how many students were there in the US?

A

5.9 million

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19
Q

In 1970 how many students were there in the US?

A

8.5 million

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20
Q

Why was there a growing amount of students in the US?

A

More people wanted to be smarter
They could avoid the draft
Counter-Culture

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21
Q

What was counter-culture?

A

Refusing to live by the xultural rules of your society

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22
Q

What methods did the Vietnam protesters use?

A

Liek the Civil Rights protesters

Sit ins, rufusing to go to class, burnign their draft cards, demonstrations

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23
Q

Why did Vietnam protesters get a lot of screen time on the media?

A

Theu were normally white and were normally of a middle class if they were in school

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24
Q

When was the SDS set up?

A

1960

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25
What does SDS stand for?
Student for a Democratic Society
26
How many members did SDS have?
By 1965 - 3000 members And groups in over 80 colleges
27
When did the SDS give its first statements against the war?
October 1965
28
Who did some anti-war protesters support?
North Vietnam and Fidel Castro
29
What was the draft?
Cumpusery service in the military
30
How old did you need to be to be drafted?
18
31
What would happen if you get drafted?
You were sent a draft card telling you where to report You were given basic training and then sent to war
32
When was the draft system chainged? To what?
1969 A draft system
33
What was the new draft system (lottery)?
All men born between 1944-50 were given a number according to their date of birth - numbers were drawn out and those people would be drafted
34
During the war how many people could of been drafted?
26 million
35
How many people served in Vietnam?
2.6 million
36
How many of the people who served in Vietnam were draftees?
650,000
37
How many draftees were ther in the military who didn't go to war?
Another million
38
How could you avoid the draft?
``` Being in school Being in the church Some government, farmin gor industry workers were excempt If you could prove it would be hard (economicly or for care) if you went to war (eg i you were the only moneymaker in the family) If you were an only son Phycicly and mentaly unfit CO's Leaving the USA illegaly ```
39
What was a CO?
Conscientious objectors - they often had to do other work like making ammunicion in factories
40
How many CO's were there?
About 170,000
41
How mnay people are estimated to have avoided the draft by leaving the US illegaly?
40-50,000
42
About how many people tried to afoid the draft?
15 million
43
What was the most popular way to avoid the draft?
School - legal ways
44
How did Trump avoid the draft?
Not sure - dodgy feet
45
What was a key feature of the Vietnam war?
It was one of the first war to have massive media coverage
46
What was the Vietnam War sometimes called?
The living room war
47
What else would the media cover?
Protests liek the 100,000-strong protest in Washingham 21st October 1967
48
What was a key feature of the Vietnam war's media cover?
It became clear to people that the governemnt was lieing to them Made people not trust the government
49
Give an example of where the governemnt tried to lie to the public but it was uncovered by the media?
Governement said that the Tet offensive was a sucess CBS reporter Walter Cronkite said that it wasn't and that the war was at best a stalemate
50
When was the My Lai Massacre?
March 1968
51
Which team when to My Lai?
Charlie Company
52
What were Charlie Comoany told about My Lai?
Theu would come under VC fire
53
Who led Charlie Company?
Leuitenent Calley
54
What happened at My Lai?
Everyone was killed, animals were killed - Eventualy soldiers said that they were ordered to kill everyone Photos were taken
55
Who took photos of the My Lai Massacre?
Sergent Ron Haeberle
56
What was My Lai also known as?
Pinkville
57
What happened imediatly after the massacure?
Military announce that it was a sucess Said they destroyed VC bases and killed 128 VC Massacure was reported by soldiers and by local chiefs
58
What did the government/military do with the My Lai Massacure?
Covered it cup and announced 20 accidential civilian deaths
59
Which soldier is significant in the My Lai Masaacure?
Ron Rindenhour
60
What did Ron Rindenhour do with the My Lai Massacure?
Collected eyewitness and other evidence about the Massacure He then sent it to the government in 1969
61
What did Ron Rindenhour actions lead to?
A new enquiry begining on the 15th July 1970
62
What happened on the 5th September 1970?
Lieutenant Calley was charged with murder
63
When was Lieutenant Calley charged with murder?
5th September 1970
64
When did the public first hear about the My Lai Massacure?
5th September 1970
65
What happened on the 13th September 1970?
35 different newspapers reported the massacure with an eyewitness that said that 500 civilians had been killed
66
How many people from the My Lai Massacure faced legal action?
18 officers but Calley was the only one charged
67
When was Lietenant Calley brought on military trial?
29th March 1971
68
What was Lietenant Calley charged with in the military trial?
Murder of 22 civilians Life in prison
69
What haopened on the 3rd of April 1971?
Nixon promised to refiew the case himself
70
What was Nixon's decision on Calley whilst he was reviewing the case?
He said that whilst Calley appeal was heard he should be confined at his US military base
71
What ended up happening to Calley?
On appeal his sentence was reduced to 20 years He was released after 3 years and a half year under house arrest on his military base
72
What does CID stand for?
Criminal Investigations Division
73
What did the CID find?
347 civilians killed 35 members of Charlie Company should be procecuted
74
What 2 companies dealed with the investigations of the My Lai Massacure?
CID | The Peers Enquiry
75
What % of people disagreed with Calleys life sentence?
65%
76
What % of people thought that soldiers were only following orders at My Lai?
77%
77
What % of people thought that Calley was being used to take the blame for others?
77%
78
What % of peopel thought that Nixon's reaction to Calley's sentencing was reasonable?
58%
79
When were the Kent state shootings?
4th May 1970
80
Where were the Kent State shootings?
Ohio
81
What was the result of the Kent State shootings
4 dead 9 wounded 2 of the dead were only moving between clases (they wern't protesting)
82
When was the Kent State shootings resetive to other events?
4 days after Nixon annoucned the Invasion of Cambodia
83
What happened on the 1st May (Friday)?
A group of students decided to bury a copy of the US Constitution (one of them also burined his Vietnam discharge papers) in protest 500 people took part in this protest
84
What happened on the evening of the 1st May?
Fighting between pro and anti war groups
85
What happened on the 2nd of May (Saturday)?
There were several demonstarions
86
What happened on the evening of the 2nd May?
The Officer Training Corps builing on campus was burned The mayor declared an emergency and 900 members of the national guard arrived at Kent State school
87
By the afternoon of the 2nd of May how many protesters were there?
1000
88
What happened on the 3rd of March?
Several demonstrations were brocken up by the National Guard with tear gas
89
What happened on the 4th March?
Officials banned a demonstration planned for 12am But about 2000 peole ignored the ban
90
What happened at the banned protest?
Tear gas couldn't stop it Students through empty gas cans at the National Guard and then bricks Then the National Guard fired into the crowed
91
Where were 2 other students shot?
Jackson State University
92
What happened at Jackson State University?
2 black students were shot but there was little publicity
93
Why did the Kent State shootings get so much publicity?
Middle class white people were shot Not black people
94
When were the Mississippi murders?
1964
95
What were people who wwnted an end to the war called?
Doves Eg in excomm
96
What were peope who supported the war called?
Hawks Eg in excomm
97
How much was Congress told that the Vietnam war would cost?
If the war lasted untill the dummer -$ 10 billion | The reall estimated cost was $20 billion
98
How did Congress shownoposition to the war?
They set a limit to soending in Vietnam They set a date for the final withdrawel of US troops from Vietnam
99
What were the reasons for oposition to the war?
``` The cost Some politions were pacifists The actual war International relations US politics ```
100
What was the cost of the Vietnam war?
$167 billion
101
How did international relations lead to political oposion to the war?
Possibility of staring war with China or the USSR | Growing oposition from other nations
102
How did US polotics lead to political oposition to the war?
As public oposition gre politions changed their views so that they would get more votes The oposition party used it to critisis the president
103
How did the actual war lead to political oposition to the war?
The war is unwinnable Limited war won't deffet the VC Feeling they were fighting the weong way They didn't want more Massacres
104
Who took the ohotograph of the nacked girl?
Nick Ut
105
How old was the ohotographer of the nacked girls?
19
106
What was the name of the girl who was birnes by Napalm so badley that she ripped her clothes off?
Kim
107
What happened to Kim?
Doctors refused to treat her at first saying that she had no hope But she survived

History Vietnam (8 decks)

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