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History Vietnam > Opposition To The War > Flashcards

Opposition To The War Flashcards

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1
Q

What was public oppinion like at the Beggining of the war?

A

Mostly good

Some anti-war groups spoke out agaisnt it

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2
Q

What was public opinions about the Vietnam war after Johnson escelated it?

A

The media and public become more concurned about it

Most types of people disagreed with it eg gender, race, religion…

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3
Q

Since when did MLK critisise the war in Vietnam?

A

From 1965

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4
Q

When did MLK start campaignin for an end to the Vietnam war?

What effect did this have?

A

From 1967

May have lost support for Civil Rights

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5
Q

What happene on the 2nd November 1965?

A

Norman Morrison burned hismelf alive outside the Pentagon

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6
Q

What happened “a week” after the 2nd November?

A

Roger Allan La Porte burned himself outside the UN building in New York

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7
Q

Which Senetor opposed the war?

From when?

Tive an example of how he did this?

A

Wayne Morse

From before 1965

He gave the only speach in the Senate against the Gulk of Tonkin Resolution

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8
Q

When was the Vietnam Veterans Against the War formed?

A

1967

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9
Q

What did the Vietnam Veterans Against the War do?

A

Spoke at demonstaions, held meetings, handed in their medals

Collected evidence about the miscounduct against the war eg mirder of civilians

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10
Q

How could you measure public oppinions?

A

Opinion Polls
Politicians
Demonstations

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11
Q

What was the most regular types of public polls?

A

Gallup polls

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12
Q

What did Opinion polls show?

A

How people thought about a specific issue

It could often show the movement of public feelings of an issue

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13
Q

Who could politions be used to show public opionion?

A

The way they react - they react to what they think will get them more votes

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14
Q

How could demonstrations show public opinion?

A

Their size, who took part

Especialy showed people who supported the war through counter-demonstration

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15
Q

What short term factors triggered opposition to the war?

A

Presidential change
Tet offensive - invasion of Cambodia
Mohammad Ali refused to fight
Student movements - introduction of the draft
Media coverable - seing photos of the war

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16
Q

What long term factors triggered opposition to the war?

A

Rising death toll
Loss of injury of family member
Cost of the war

Black Panthers said that they wouldn’t fight for a country where they experienced racism every day

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17
Q

In 1950 how many students were there in the US?

A

2.2 million

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18
Q

In 1965 how many students were there in the US?

A

5.9 million

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19
Q

In 1970 how many students were there in the US?

A

8.5 million

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20
Q

Why was there a growing amount of students in the US?

A

More people wanted to be smarter
They could avoid the draft
Counter-Culture

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21
Q

What was counter-culture?

A

Refusing to live by the xultural rules of your society

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22
Q

What methods did the Vietnam protesters use?

A

Liek the Civil Rights protesters

Sit ins, rufusing to go to class, burnign their draft cards, demonstrations

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23
Q

Why did Vietnam protesters get a lot of screen time on the media?

A

Theu were normally white and were normally of a middle class if they were in school

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24
Q

When was the SDS set up?

A

1960

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25
Q

What does SDS stand for?

A

Student for a Democratic Society

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26
Q

How many members did SDS have?

A

By 1965 - 3000 members

And groups in over 80 colleges

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27
Q

When did the SDS give its first statements against the war?

A

October 1965

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28
Q

Who did some anti-war protesters support?

A

North Vietnam and Fidel Castro

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29
Q

What was the draft?

A

Cumpusery service in the military

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30
Q

How old did you need to be to be drafted?

A

18

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31
Q

What would happen if you get drafted?

A

You were sent a draft card telling you where to report

You were given basic training and then sent to war

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32
Q

When was the draft system chainged?

To what?

A

1969

A draft system

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33
Q

What was the new draft system (lottery)?

A

All men born between 1944-50 were given a number according to their date of birth - numbers were drawn out and those people would be drafted

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34
Q

During the war how many people could of been drafted?

A

26 million

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35
Q

How many people served in Vietnam?

A

2.6 million

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36
Q

How many of the people who served in Vietnam were draftees?

A

650,000

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37
Q

How many draftees were ther in the military who didn’t go to war?

A

Another million

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38
Q

How could you avoid the draft?

A 
Being in school
Being in the church
Some government, farmin gor industry workers were excempt
If you could prove it would be hard (economicly or for care) if you went to war (eg i you were the only moneymaker in the family)
If you were an only son
Phycicly and mentaly unfit
CO's
Leaving the USA illegaly
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39
Q

What was a CO?

A

Conscientious objectors - they often had to do other work like making ammunicion in factories

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40
Q

How many CO’s were there?

A

About 170,000

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41
Q

How mnay people are estimated to have avoided the draft by leaving the US illegaly?

A

40-50,000

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42
Q

About how many people tried to afoid the draft?

A

15 million

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43
Q

What was the most popular way to avoid the draft?

A

School - legal ways

44
Q

How did Trump avoid the draft?

A

Not sure - dodgy feet

45
Q

What was a key feature of the Vietnam war?

A

It was one of the first war to have massive media coverage

46
Q

What was the Vietnam War sometimes called?

A

The living room war

47
Q

What else would the media cover?

A

Protests liek the 100,000-strong protest in Washingham 21st October 1967

48
Q

What was a key feature of the Vietnam war’s media cover?

A

It became clear to people that the governemnt was lieing to them

Made people not trust the government

49
Q

Give an example of where the governemnt tried to lie to the public but it was uncovered by the media?

A

Governement said that the Tet offensive was a sucess

CBS reporter Walter Cronkite said that it wasn’t and that the war was at best a stalemate

50
Q

When was the My Lai Massacre?

A

March 1968

51
Q

Which team when to My Lai?

A

Charlie Company

52
Q

What were Charlie Comoany told about My Lai?

A

Theu would come under VC fire

53
Q

Who led Charlie Company?

A

Leuitenent Calley

54
Q

What happened at My Lai?

A

Everyone was killed, animals were killed

  • Eventualy soldiers said that they were ordered to kill everyone

Photos were taken

55
Q

Who took photos of the My Lai Massacre?

A

Sergent Ron Haeberle

56
Q

What was My Lai also known as?

A

Pinkville

57
Q

What happened imediatly after the massacure?

A

Military announce that it was a sucess
Said they destroyed VC bases and killed 128 VC
Massacure was reported by soldiers and by local chiefs

58
Q

What did the government/military do with the My Lai Massacure?

A

Covered it cup and announced 20 accidential civilian deaths

59
Q

Which soldier is significant in the My Lai Masaacure?

A

Ron Rindenhour

60
Q

What did Ron Rindenhour do with the My Lai Massacure?

A

Collected eyewitness and other evidence about the Massacure

He then sent it to the government in 1969

61
Q

What did Ron Rindenhour actions lead to?

A

A new enquiry begining on the 15th July 1970

62
Q

What happened on the 5th September 1970?

A

Lieutenant Calley was charged with murder

63
Q

When was Lieutenant Calley charged with murder?

A

5th September 1970

64
Q

When did the public first hear about the My Lai Massacure?

A

5th September 1970

65
Q

What happened on the 13th September 1970?

A

35 different newspapers reported the massacure with an eyewitness that said that 500 civilians had been killed

66
Q

How many people from the My Lai Massacure faced legal action?

A

18 officers but Calley was the only one charged

67
Q

When was Lietenant Calley brought on military trial?

A

29th March 1971

68
Q

What was Lietenant Calley charged with in the military trial?

A

Murder of 22 civilians

Life in prison

69
Q

What haopened on the 3rd of April 1971?

A

Nixon promised to refiew the case himself

70
Q

What was Nixon’s decision on Calley whilst he was reviewing the case?

A

He said that whilst Calley appeal was heard he should be confined at his US military base

71
Q

What ended up happening to Calley?

A

On appeal his sentence was reduced to 20 years

He was released after 3 years and a half year under house arrest on his military base

72
Q

What does CID stand for?

A

Criminal Investigations Division

73
Q

What did the CID find?

A

347 civilians killed

35 members of Charlie Company should be procecuted

74
Q

What 2 companies dealed with the investigations of the My Lai Massacure?

A

CID

The Peers Enquiry

75
Q

What % of people disagreed with Calleys life sentence?

A

65%

76
Q

What % of people thought that soldiers were only following orders at My Lai?

A

77%

77
Q

What % of people thought that Calley was being used to take the blame for others?

A

77%

78
Q

What % of peopel thought that Nixon’s reaction to Calley’s sentencing was reasonable?

A

58%

79
Q

When were the Kent state shootings?

A

4th May 1970

80
Q

Where were the Kent State shootings?

A

Ohio

81
Q

What was the result of the Kent State shootings

A

4 dead
9 wounded

2 of the dead were only moving between clases (they wern’t protesting)

82
Q

When was the Kent State shootings resetive to other events?

A

4 days after Nixon annoucned the Invasion of Cambodia

83
Q

What happened on the 1st May (Friday)?

A

A group of students decided to bury a copy of the US Constitution (one of them also burined his Vietnam discharge papers) in protest

500 people took part in this protest

84
Q

What happened on the evening of the 1st May?

A

Fighting between pro and anti war groups

85
Q

What happened on the 2nd of May (Saturday)?

A

There were several demonstarions

86
Q

What happened on the evening of the 2nd May?

A

The Officer Training Corps builing on campus was burned

The mayor declared an emergency and 900 members of the national guard arrived at Kent State school

87
Q

By the afternoon of the 2nd of May how many protesters were there?

A

1000

88
Q

What happened on the 3rd of March?

A

Several demonstrations were brocken up by the National Guard with tear gas

89
Q

What happened on the 4th March?

A

Officials banned a demonstration planned for 12am

But about 2000 peole ignored the ban

90
Q

What happened at the banned protest?

A

Tear gas couldn’t stop it

Students through empty gas cans at the National Guard and then bricks

Then the National Guard fired into the crowed

91
Q

Where were 2 other students shot?

A

Jackson State University

92
Q

What happened at Jackson State University?

A

2 black students were shot but there was little publicity

93
Q

Why did the Kent State shootings get so much publicity?

A

Middle class white people were shot

Not black people

94
Q

When were the Mississippi murders?

A

1964

95
Q

What were people who wwnted an end to the war called?

A

Doves

Eg in excomm

96
Q

What were peope who supported the war called?

A

Hawks

Eg in excomm

97
Q

How much was Congress told that the Vietnam war would cost?

A

If the war lasted untill the dummer -$ 10 billion

The reall estimated cost was $20 billion

98
Q

How did Congress shownoposition to the war?

A

They set a limit to soending in Vietnam

They set a date for the final withdrawel of US troops from Vietnam

99
Q

What were the reasons for oposition to the war?

A 
The cost
Some politions were pacifists
The actual war
International relations
US politics
100
Q

What was the cost of the Vietnam war?

A

$167 billion

101
Q

How did international relations lead to political oposion to the war?

A

Possibility of staring war with China or the USSR

Growing oposition from other nations

102
Q

How did US polotics lead to political oposition to the war?

A

As public oposition gre politions changed their views so that they would get more votes

The oposition party used it to critisis the president

103
Q

How did the actual war lead to political oposition to the war?

A

The war is unwinnable
Limited war won’t deffet the VC
Feeling they were fighting the weong way
They didn’t want more Massacres

104
Q

Who took the ohotograph of the nacked girl?

A

Nick Ut

105
Q

How old was the ohotographer of the nacked girls?

A

19

106
Q

What was the name of the girl who was birnes by Napalm so badley that she ripped her clothes off?

A

Kim

107
Q

What happened to Kim?

A

Doctors refused to treat her at first saying that she had no hope

But she survived

History Vietnam (8 decks)

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