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History Vietnam > Changes Under Nixon 1969-73 > Flashcards

Changes Under Nixon 1969-73 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was part of Nixons presidential campaign?

A

He said that he would get the US out of Vietnam

And he promised to always twll the thuth

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2
Q

What aproches did Nixon take to the Vietnam war?

A 
Official peace talks
Secret peace talks
Troop withdrawles
ARNV traning
Secret bombing of Cambodia
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3
Q

How did Nixon try to have Officail peace talks?

A

5 days into his presidency, he aend people to Paris to talk with North and South Vietnam and the VC
but nothing was happening and it was going to be a long prosses as there was a lot of arguing

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4
Q

How did Nixon try and have Secret peace talks?

A

In August 1969, Henry Kissinger (USA) started secret peace talks with Le Duc Tho (North Vietnam) - Nixon didn’t tell the public of South Vietnam anout these peace talks

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5
Q

How did Nixon help withdraw troops from Vietnam?

A

In June 1969 he lowered the Maximum number of troop in Vietnam by 25,000

Troops withdrawels started 14th July 1969

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6
Q

How did Nixon help through ARVN training?

A

US military was told to focus on training rhe ARVN to take over

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7
Q

Who was in charge of Vietnam under Nixon?

A

General Abrams

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8
Q

When did Nixon order the bombing of Cambodia?

A

March 1969

Nixon didn’t tell the US public as he knew expanding the war would be unpopular

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9
Q

When was the Nixon Doctrine said?

A

In a speach, 25th July 1969

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10
Q

What did the Nixon Doctrine say?

A

The US would houner any agreements made
The US would help any ally against nuclear threats
US would provide training and aid against nin nuclear threats, but not troops

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11
Q

What was Vietnamisation?

A

The US said that they were shifting the fighting to the ARVN whist withdrawing their own troops

Trying to make it not look like a retreat

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12
Q

What were the key features about Vietnamisation?

A

US withdrew troops
ARNV would provide their own officers
US would still provide equipment and training
An hounerable withdraw
South Vietnam would remain a seperate country

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13
Q

Was Vietnamisation a sucess?

A

Didn’t look like an hounarble retreat but it got the US out of the war

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14
Q
A

North Vietnam - easier to fight the ARVN than the US

American Public - their children were coming home

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15
Q

Who didn’t like Vietnamisation?

A

South Vietnam - saw the US as abandoning them

US general/Military - they didn’t think that the ARVN was ready yet

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16
Q

Describe US involvment in 1970?

A

$18,536 million
334,600 soldiers
6,173 dead

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17
Q

Who was rhe ruler of Cambodia in 1969?

What were his opinions in the Vietnam war?

A

Prince Sihanouk

He was neutral

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18
Q

What happened in March 1970?

A

A pro American took charge of Cambodia and ordered the VC to get out

New leader of Cambodia was - General Lon Nol

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19
Q

How did North Vietnam react to Lon Nol?

A

They joined with the khmer Rouge to attack Nol’s government

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20
Q

Who were the Khmer Rouge?

A

Cambodian communist gurrila fighters

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21
Q

Who supported Nol?

A

US advisers told Nixon to help him

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22
Q

How many troops invaded Cambodia?

A

About 50,000 ARVN

About 30,000 US

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23
Q

What were Nixon’s orders about the Invasion of Cambodia?

A

The troops could only go 19 miles inside Cambodian territory
All troops were to be out by 30 June

He went to TV to explain himslef

24
Q

What was the result of the Invasion of Cambodia?

A

Significant damage done to the Ho Chi Minh trail
11,000 comunists killed
Nol was kept in power
Communist bases and supplies were destoryed

Ho Chi Minh trial was still operation
Khmer Rouge his deeper in Vietnamand Laos

Huge outcry in the US
Congress was furios and cancelled the Gulk of Tonkin Resolution

25
Q

When was the Invasion of Laos?

A

1971

26
Q

How many troops invades Laos?

A

About 21,000 ARVN troops

27
Q

Who did the US help in Laos?

A

They agreed to provide aur support of the invasion

28
Q

What important city was taken in Laos?

A

Tchepone

29
Q

Why couldn’t the VC afford to loose the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos?

A

It would be a big loss
Amount of weapons and supplies that could be transfered would be lost
They would loose a lot of infunstructure
…

30
Q

What army did the North Vietnamese raise to deffend Laos?

A

About 36,000 troops and tanks

31
Q

What happened at Tchpone?

A

After abloody battle the VC won dispire US air support. There was heavy casulties and a lot of equipment was left behind

32
Q

When was the Easter Offensive?

A

1972

33
Q

What was the Easter Offensive?

A

An attack by the North Vietnames and VC which targeted the ARVN

An attack at 3 different places by about 120,000 North Vietnamese troops

34
Q

What showed that Vietnamiation was failing?

A

Invasion of Laos and the loos at tchpone

35
Q

When did the Easter Offensive start?

A

End of March 1972

36
Q

How mnay troops were involved in the Easter Offensive?

A

120,000 North Vietnamese troops

37
Q

Why was the Easter Offensive a big suprise?

A

The US had said that a big invasion wasn’t possible

38
Q

What was US involvment like in Vietnam in 1972?

A

$8,662
24,200 troops
759 dead

39
Q

Why did Vietnamisation fail?

A

US troops
The ARVN
Training and equipment
Economic and political problems in South Vietnam

40
Q

Why did US troops lead Vietnamisation to fail?

A

US troops didn’t want to fight and risk their lives once they knew they were going home
Fragging increased
Drug usage - marijuna and heroin

41
Q

What was fragging?

A

Killing an senior officer as you didn’t want to follow their orders

42
Q

How did the cases of fragging rise?

A

1969-70

96 to 209

43
Q

The army said that how many people were addicted to heroin?

A

35,000

44
Q

In June 1971 what happened?

A

An retired general wrote an article about drug taking and how people didn’t necesarity want to fight

45
Q

How did the ARVN cause Vietnamisation to fail?

A

Not enough troops
Desertion was common
Officers were too proud to call for military support
Some officers didn’t want to fight
Lot of corruption
Military supply like petrol was stolen and sold off for a profit (for the robber)

46
Q

How many troops did the ARVN have in 1971?

A

Over half the male population 15-49 years old was in the army

Hard to tell as some officers took bribes to say that soldiers were present when they wern’t - some lied because then they would get paid more

47
Q

How common was desertion in 1969-71?

A

1969 - 123,000

1971 - 150,500 (about 24,000 left to help their families with harvest and then retuned)

48
Q

How did Training and equipment lead to Vietnamasation failing?

A

Over time congress restriced funding
Officers training was rushed as they were needed
US equipment manuals came in English which wasn’t understood by the Vietnamese generals

49
Q

How did the ARVN counter the fact that instructions were in English?

A

English clases were set up but many didn’t have time for them

50
Q

How many officers went into battle with less than a years experience in 1971?

A

75%

51
Q

How did Economic and political problems lead Vietnamisation to fail?

A

Departure of US lead to an economic crisis also because many billion dollers of US aid stopped

People competed for their own power and not to win the war
ARVN was a week army in size and effeciency

52
Q

What was US involvment like in 1975 like?

A

$1,530
161 troops
62 deaths

53
Q

When was the Paris Agreement signed?

A

27th January 1973

54
Q

What wmade the Provisional Revolutionary Government sign the Paris Agreements?

A

Promises from Nixon that Vietnam would still get support

55
Q

What was the end of the Vietnam war?
Where?
When?

A

1975 - fall of Saigon

56
Q

Whay happened in the end of the war in Saigon?

A

There was a less than hounarbly evacuation by the US of it’s people

History Vietnam (8 decks)

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