Opposition And Te Fall Of Khrushchev Flashcards
What were the group of cultural dissidents
Emerged under Khrushchev who used the arts to convey political messages.
What was tamizdat
What was samizdat
How else was dissident literature spread
Evade soviet censorship and publishing work abroad
- individual reproduced works that would not pass the censor and distributed them.
- spread through underground societies including “the youngest society of geniuses “ a student group.
What was the Mayak
Regular readings in 1958 to monument Vladimir Mayakovsky who had criticised the Stalinist system.
These became very popular and were attended by students and members of the intelligentsia.
The action cost on biology student his university place which drove him to become a fully committed dissident.
What was syntaxis
Why did authorities take a step to spread unwarranted material in 1961
The dissident magazine, the publishes were arrested in 1960 and sent to labour camps.
When 130,000 people were identified as leading an antisocial, parasitic way of life. Some avoided imprisonment by taking up unskilled jobs like street cleaners, others were sent to labour camps or mental hospitals,.
How did music produce its cultural dissidents
Musicians made illegal records known as magnitizdat on reel to reel tape recorders. Tapes were passed between friends allowing forbidden music styles and song lyrics to spread quickly eg- jazz.
Yuliy kim wrote a song Moscows kitchen which told how subversive thoughts was passed around in free discussion in capital kitchens.
When did limitation to the thaw become apparent
When Khrushchev attended the Manezh Art Exhibition at which several non conformists artists were exhibiting. He engaged in an argument about the function of art in society but only had the effect of encouraging the dissident painter to pursue there art in private challenging official artistic reality.
What party members clashed with Khrushchev
How did Khrushchev survive
Stalinist loyalists. They could not forgive him for his attack on Stalin in 1956 and tried to oust him in 1957.
- survived by appealing to the wider central committee over the committee vote against him in the presidium and the expulsion of the anti party group.
How was political opposition treated
Less harsh than Stalin
Politicians were demoted but not shot
Political prisoners population was reduced. By 1955 a quatar of a million political prisoners appeals were considered but only 4% released. By 1956- 8-9 million were rehabilitated.
2 million returned from the gulags. By 1957 only 2% of prisoners population were political prisoners.
What hour did Khrushchev receive
Hero of the society union gold medal.
How did Khrushchev fall from power
Khrushchev was on holiday when he received an urgent phone call from Brezhnev summonsing him to an emergency meeting, he ignored this but sensing opportunity returned to Moscow on 13th October and was taken straight to a meeting with the presidium where his former supports criticised him. He refused to resign but was denied access to the media.
The following day a resignation paper was presented to him and he had little option but to sign it.
A public announcement said he had resigned due to advanced age and ill health.
What was the Cuban missile crisis
1962, the USA discovered that Khrushchev was supplying. Unclear weapons to Castro in Cuba. They played a quarantine around Cuba and ordered soviet ships heading for the island to turn back. After tense negotiation the ships withdrew, and the US claimed victory.
Why can Khrushchev style of rule explain for his downfall
One man style Failing to take advice Creating his own cult of personality Advancing his son in law Embarrassing and flamboyant behaviour (banging his shoe on the table )
Why can Khrushchev decentralisation policy explain for his downfall
Granting autonomy to local party leaders and regional economic councils upset central party members
Khrushchev demanded that a quarter of the central committee would be renewed at every election this threatened there influence.
Why can Khrushchev agricultural attitudes explain for his downfall
Failure of virgin land schemes
Shortfall in food (import grain from USA and Canada )
Why can Khrushchev in industry explain for his downfall
Decisions to promote production of consumer goods offended those who though he was giving inadequate attention to heavy goods.
