Leninsit/ Stalinist Societs Flashcards
What did the official abolition of the class hierarchy in November 1917 mean ?
Who was prioritised through the civil war?
Titles and privileges disappeared and everyone became a plain ‘citizen’
Those identified as former nobility or Bourgeoisie were not allowed to work and forced to do menial tasks like road sweeping and had their houses requisitioned.
-Worker and soldiers received the most, essential civil servants eg doctors and the burzhui had barley enough to survive, some managed to get through by selling their possessions, but middle class girls turned to prostration.
What was the socialist man
Created by the communist- a type of man who was publicly engaged and committed to the community having a sense of social responsibility and willingly gave service to the state in the factory or on the battle field.
What was proletarianisation
What happened if workers failed to meet targets?
To turn the mass population into urban workers to create an ultimately communist state.
In 1921 they could be imprisoned or shot
What did the drive for industrialisation bring
7 day week and longer working hours
Arriving late or missing work could result in being dismissed, eviction from housing an loss of benefits. Damaging machinery or leaving a job without permission was a criminal offence and strikes were illegal.
What was introduced for the workers in 1931 which was not exactly communist
What was the Stakhanovite movement
Wage differentials - bonuses and opportunities for better housing to reward skills and devoted application
- a way of forcing management to support their workers to increase production to fulfil targets
this increased socialist competition which produced a proletarian elite. More town workers became managers and children of workers benefited from the increased educational opportunities that Stalin Russia offered.
What reduced the competition for jobs ?
What did Stalin say in 1933 to the workers?
What was the reality?
Stalin purges. They created many vaccines ‘at the top’
1933 “life has become better comrades, life has become more joyous”
- reality- living conditions in the country side were primitive but in the towns workers were extremely cramped communal apartments including erratic water supplies. Public transport was over crowded, shops were often empty and queues and shortages were an accepted feature of life.
Had wages increased ?
When was rationing phased out
Yes during the second year plan
However there were still lower in 1937 than they had been in 1928 and they had been a little better in 1913.
1935
What was the role of women before the revolution and how is this change under Lenin
- attend household tasks and children, also played there part in farming and the small scale domestic economy. They were without legal privileges eg- they had no inheritance rights.
1917- woman had the right to own property
Woman we’re expected to work, this is were equality disguised reality because most woman found themselves working eg in factories and then the household tasks and spending none working hours in queues.
Girls were given the same education right as boys
What were some of the decrees on churches, divorce, abortion and contraception
- churches influence was removed by economising only civil marriages
- divorce was made easier and less expensive
- 1920 abolition was legalised to prevent the death rates by illegal abortion
- free contraception advice was provided
- 1926 wedding rings were banned
What became the focus of propaganda in 1930
The family where Stalin presented the idea family man and divorce and abortion was attacked. The importance of marriage was empathised and new style wedding certificates were issued. Women where portrayed in a new way- muscular plainly dressed women who dressed plainly and helped build communist Russia.
What was introduced in 1936 which reversed earlier changes
- large fees for divorce and men would have to pay 60% of their income in child support.
- adulatory was criminalised
- contraception was banned and only permitted on medical grounds.
- financial insensitive were issued to large families
- encouragement for women to give up paid work
What was the number of female employers like despite the encouragement for women to give up paid work
What happened to woman in education.
What was introduced to help woman cope with work and family
Where men and women paid equally.?
Women industrial workers - grew from 3 million in 1928 to 13 million in 1940
43% of the industrial workforce was women by 1940.
Doubled .
- state nurseries
- women were paid 40% less then men and the higher administrative positions were held by men.
Despite proerganda what were divorce and abortion rates
Divorce 37% in Moscow in 1934.
150,000 abortion to every 57,000 live births.
What was the commissariat of the enlightenment
What was the new schools ?
Provided free education at all levels in the coeducational schools as education was seen as crucial in building a Soviet society.
- new secondary schools- combined general education with vocational training.most schools abolished text books and examinations however the amount of freedom, creativity and individualism was permitted and physical punishment was banned.
What were the schools linked to
What were universities linked to
What were core subjects
What could happen to teachers if there students failed
School- collective farms
Universities - delivering economic growth
- reading, writing and science 30% devoted to Russian language and literature 20% to maths 15% science 10% to soviet style history
- they may be purged. They were watched closely and could be arrested if they failed to live up to expectations.
