Opposition Flashcards
Who were the Populists? And who were they under?
They consisted of Russian intellectuals who were given freedom to criticise under Alexander II
Who were the Populists influenced by?
Karl Marxs
What was the campaign ‘Going to the people’ and when was it?
under Alexander II 1873
was to educate peasants politically
What was the Land and Liberty pressure group?
group of intellectuals that lived with the peasants to properly educate them
Where did the People’s Will emerge from?
the land and liberty movement
What was the primary objective of the People’s will?
to kill the Tsar
Where did the Socialist Revolutionaries emerge from?
what did they work towards?
populists movement
improving living conditions for the poorest people
When was the Social Revolutionaries formed and who led them?
1901 under Nicholas II
led by Victor Chernov
What did the Socialist revolutionaries split up into? and what did each side stand for?
left wing employed direct action
and right wing worked with other parties gathering support
When was the All-Russian Social Democratic Worker’s Party formed?
1898
What did the Social Democrats believe in?
working class consciousness, improving working conditions and pay
Who were the liberals?
those who wanted to modernise Russia to catch up with the west
When was the Union of Liberation founded? and what did they demand?
1904
fairer and more land distribution for peasants and improved conditions for industrial workers
Who were the Octobrists and who did they form under?
Nicholas II
Moderate liberal group who displayed loyalty to Tsar but wanted changes to the system
What were the 2 types of opposition before 1917?
those who wanted to change the Tsarist system and those who wanted to overthrow it
What gave way for the Bolshevik coup to happen?
the opposition from workers against the Provisional government
What made reactions towards Lenin even stronger?
his desire to take Russia out of WWI and peace deal with Germany
Why did Lenin welcome the Civil war?
it was a way in which he could destroy opposition
What did Lenin’s ‘On party union’ ban?
factionalism in the Bolshevik party
What internal opposition did Lenin face?
Kamenov, Zinoviev, and Rykov called for a coalition to be formed with other socialist parties
Who was in the Triumvirate? and what was it’s purpose?
kamenov, zinoviev an Rykov
combat the growing influence of Trotsky
After Lenin’s death what were the 3 main issues that that Bolsheviks argued over?
continuation of the NEP
more openly democratic form of government
Permanent Revolution or need for socialism
Why were Kamenov and Zionviev not happy with Stalin?
they did not agree on his dealing with peasants or his foreign policy
Who formed the United Opposition Group? and what was there opposition against?
Trotsky, Kamenov and Zionviev
against Stalin
Who opposed collectivisation?
the right wing
When did Stalin’s first purges take place?
1930’s
What were 3 of the reasons as to political figures getting purged?
failing to implement collectivisation
seen as resisting the pace of industrialisation
Stalin’s paranoia with people challenging his authority
When was the people’s will formed?
1879
