Developments in Central Administration Flashcards
How long did central government stay?
1855-1905
When did pressure for change begin?
during the Russo-Japanese war
What was Bloody Sunday?
Jan 1905 demonstrators marched on the Winter Palace
What was the Central government institutions from 1855-1905? (6)
Tsar Council of Ministers Senate Personal Chancellery of his Imperial Majesty Imperial council of state Committee of Ministers
When was the committee of ministers set up?
1861
What were the 4 main ministerial posts?
Minister of: War Interior Finance Religious affairs
How did Nicholas II respond to 1905 events?
released the October Manifesto
What is the October Manifesto?
Nicholas II’s new form of elective government revolved around the Duma
What was the new form of government in 1905?
Tsar Council of ministers State council Duma Senate
When was the 1st Duma introduced? Why was it dissolved?
1906
Nicholas thought the actions were illegal
When was the 2nd Duma introduced and why was it disbanded? - What was it’s composition like?
Feb-Jun 1907
Tsar proclaimed them subversive and dissolved it
- less Kadets and Labourists and more Social democrats and Octobrists
When was the 3rd Duma introduced? What was it’s composition like?
Nov 1907 - Jun 1912
it consisted more of people loyal to the crown like wealthy property owners
Who were the Kadets and Labourists?
Kadets - constitutional democrats a liberal political group
Labourists - Those who were specifically interested in improving working conditions
When was the 4th Duma? - Who was it dominated by? What was it infamous for?
Nov 1912 - Feb 1917
dominated by politicians far right
Infamous for putting pressure on the tsar to abdicate
When and what was the Progressive Bloc?
group within 4th Duma who challenged Nicholas II
What interrupted 4th Duma to progress?
outbreak of the 1st WW
2 reasons why Prov. Gov. struggled with opponents?
many wanted short-term government
Bolsheviks were successful in using propaganda to appeal for support peasants
When did Bolsheviks introduce new constitution?
July 1918
Major reasons for outbreak of civil war?
resistance throughout empire
What 2 decrees did Bolsheviks bring in?
decree on land and peace
3 tiers of Bolsheviks government?
All-Russian Congress of Soviets and central executive committee
Council of People’s Commissars
Cheka
What were the central executive committee responsible for?
administration and operation of three political offices:
Politburo
Orgburo
Ogburo
Who were the Politburo?
responsible for formulating policy
What was the Orgburo/Ogburo responsible for?
Orgburo - organised party affairs
Ogburo - maintaining order and dealing with opposition
How did Stalin maintain democratic centralism?
implementation of his economic policies and dealing with internal enemies
What was the structure of USSR after 1936?
Supreme Soviet of USSR
Soviet of the Union and Soviet of Nationalities
When did the Supreme Soviet meet?
twice every year
