Ideologies - Autocracy,Dictatorship, and Totalitarianism Flashcards
How long was Russia governed as an autocratic government?
1855-1917
Define autocracy?
A system of government in which one person has total power
What slogan did Nicholas II use to promote Tsarism?
orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationality
When did Alexander II implement harsh autocracy?
after there was an attempt to kill him
What did Nicholas II introduce that preserved autocracy?
Fundamental Laws 1906
How did Alexander II, III and Nicholas II bring autocracy to Russia?
Alexander II - Strong of reforms
Alexander III - a Repressive form of autocracy
Nicholas II - Fundamental laws
Who were the People’s will?
terrorist group upset by Alexander’s II refusal to continue with his reform programme
Define capitalist economy?
an economy based on making as much profit as possible from commercial activity
What did Marx believe in terms of superstructure?
the foundation or base of society was maintained and established by a ruling elite
What Theory did Marx adopt in terms of labour?
Labour theory of value - under a capitalist economy the proletariat would never gain the full value of their efforts
What was the dictatorship of the Proletariat?
theory when workers controlled political power
What was the government based on after the civil war?
What was is based on from 1927-1953?
Marxism-Leninism
Marxism-Leninism-Stalism
Who was Trotsky?
revolutionary - best known for securing Bolshevik during Russian civil war
What were the 2 types of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism?
1 - society could only be changed with 5-year plan
2 - society could only be personalised under one person
Who were the Council of Ministers under Stalin?
Senior politicians who drafted domestic policies
Who was the central committee under Stalin?
decision-making group within the communist party
Who became Stalin’s 4 rivals after he died in 1953?
Malenkov- Chairman of council of ministers
Beria - Minister of Internal affairs
Khrushchev
Voroshilov - President of USSR
What was collective leadership?
rule by a group where responsibilities were shared out
What 2 criticisms did Khrushchev give Stalin in his speech of ‘The cult of the Individual and it’s consequences’?
1 - He never been accepted by Lenin as a potential leader
2 - He committed a range of unforgivable crimes against the people
Who were the anti-party opposed to?
Khrushchev
What were 2 features of de-stalinisation?
the release of political prisoners from labour camps
relaxation of censorship
What was 1 reaction Russians had to de-stalinisation?
Many riots and protests for greater freedom
