Opportunistic Infections Flashcards
What is an opportunistic infection?
An infection by a microorganism that normally does not cause dies ease in healthy individuals but becomes pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals
Fungal
Viral
Protozoa
Bacterial
Cancerous
the lower the CD4 count the more ⬆️ risk for opportunistic infections
Name some Viral Opportunistic Infections
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- transmitted via body fluids (including saliva and urine)
Herpes Simplex
Manifestations of CMV
- Retinitis
- blurred
- loss of vision
- difficulty swallowing
- colitis
- weight loss
- respiratory and CNS manifestations
Manifestations of Herpes Simplex
- ulcerative lesions: skin and mucous membranes
- encephalitis
- CNS manifestations
Name some Fungal opportunistic infections
Candida Albicans (thrush)
- yesterday infection
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
Manifestations of Candida Albicans (Thrush)
Whitish yellow patches in mouth
- not uncommon to have PCP at the same time*
Manifestations of Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
Non-productive cough
Hypoxemia
SOB (on exertion)
Fever
Night sweats
- not uncommon to have thrush at the same time*
Name some bacterial opportunistic infections
Tuberculosis
- people with Latent TB will have resurfaced TB because of the ⬇️CD4 and ⬆️HIV viral load*
Salmonella
- raw foods, not washing hands, reptiles
Manifestations of TB
*disease may be disseminated *
Productive cough
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
Manifestations of Salmonella
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Abdominal cramping
Fever/ chills
biggest risk is progression of Salmonella Septicemia
Name some Protozoal opportunistic infections
Toxoplasmosis
- parasitic infection
- transmitted by handling cat feces or raw/uncooked meat
Manifestations of Toxoplasmosis
Encephalitis
Cognitive dysfunction
Motor impairment
Fever
AMS
Seizures
HA
Name some opportunistic cancers
Karposi Sarcoma
- caused by Herpes Virus
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Immunoblastic Lymphoma
Primary Lymphoma of the brain
- mostly lymphomas because CD4 (lymphocytes) are being attacked*
