Opportunistic Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is an opportunistic infection?

A

An infection by a microorganism that normally does not cause dies ease in healthy individuals but becomes pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals

Fungal

Viral

Protozoa

Bacterial

Cancerous

the lower the CD4 count the more ⬆️ risk for opportunistic infections

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2
Q

Name some Viral Opportunistic Infections

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  • transmitted via body fluids (including saliva and urine)

Herpes Simplex

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3
Q

Manifestations of CMV

A
  • Retinitis
  • blurred
  • loss of vision
  • difficulty swallowing
  • colitis
  • weight loss
  • respiratory and CNS manifestations
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4
Q

Manifestations of Herpes Simplex

A
  • ulcerative lesions: skin and mucous membranes
  • encephalitis
  • CNS manifestations
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5
Q

Name some Fungal opportunistic infections

A

Candida Albicans (thrush)

  • yesterday infection

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

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6
Q

Manifestations of Candida Albicans (Thrush)

A

Whitish yellow patches in mouth

  • not uncommon to have PCP at the same time*
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7
Q

Manifestations of Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

A

Non-productive cough

Hypoxemia

SOB (on exertion)

Fever

Night sweats

  • not uncommon to have thrush at the same time*
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8
Q

Name some bacterial opportunistic infections

A

Tuberculosis

  • people with Latent TB will have resurfaced TB because of the ⬇️CD4 and ⬆️HIV viral load*

Salmonella

  • raw foods, not washing hands, reptiles
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9
Q

Manifestations of TB

A

*disease may be disseminated *

Productive cough

Fever

Night sweats

Weight loss

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10
Q

Manifestations of Salmonella

A

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Abdominal cramping

Fever/ chills

biggest risk is progression of Salmonella Septicemia

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11
Q

Name some Protozoal opportunistic infections

A

Toxoplasmosis

  • parasitic infection
  • transmitted by handling cat feces or raw/uncooked meat
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12
Q

Manifestations of Toxoplasmosis

A

Encephalitis

Cognitive dysfunction

Motor impairment

Fever

AMS

Seizures

HA

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13
Q

Name some opportunistic cancers

A

Karposi Sarcoma

  • caused by Herpes Virus

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Immunoblastic Lymphoma

Primary Lymphoma of the brain

  • mostly lymphomas because CD4 (lymphocytes) are being attacked*
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