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OPP > OPP Exam #3 > Flashcards

OPP Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

if there is a renal lithiasis (kidney stone), it may cause the psoas to become hypertonic and you would have a positive

A

Thomas test

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2
Q

if there is appendicitis, it may cause the psoas to become hypertonic and you would have a positive

A

Thomas test

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3
Q

Goal of Counterstrain is to decrease

A

gamma gain

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4
Q

Spencer techniques utilize

A

muscle energy, articular, lymphatic/myofascial techniques

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5
Q

Lumbar spine will side-bend towards the…and rotate towards the..

A

long leg.. short leg

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6
Q

Most commonly used form of contraction in muscle energy is

A

isometric contraction

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7
Q

Take a history prior to physical examination

A

physical examination

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8
Q

the first part of the physical examination

A

Observation/observing the patient move

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9
Q

Isometric contraction used in muscle energy tenses the… causing….

A

Golgi Tendon organs

a reflex inhibition of the muscle allowing an increase in muscle length

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10
Q

Translation to the right=

translation to the left=

A

left

right side-bending

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11
Q

Pancreas chapman point and cause

A
  • (think of Amylase/Lipase/Blood glucose)

- Anterior Chapman point: 7th intercostal space near sternum on right side

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12
Q

Tight piriformis muscle would lead to

A

reduced hip internal rotation

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13
Q

Coracoid process location

A

1” inferiorly from the most distal articulation of the clavicle

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14
Q

Terrible triad consists of

A
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • medial collateral ligament
  • medial meniscus
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15
Q

Transition zones are more susceptible to somatic dysfunction and where

A

OA, C7-T1, T12-L1, L5-S1

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16
Q

A heel lift for a leg length difference may help prevent

A

osteoarthritis in a patient

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17
Q

Posterior talus problem

A

decreased plantar flexion

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18
Q

Anterior talus problem

A

decreased dorsiflexion

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19
Q

If a muscle is torn, do not

A

stretch it

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20
Q

T.A.R.T.

A

T: Tissue Texture Changes
A: Asymmetry
R: Restriction of motion
T: Tenderness

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21
Q

somatosomatic reflex

A

localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures. For example, rib somatic dysfunction from an innominate dysfunction.

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22
Q

somatovisceral reflex

A

localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures. For example, triggering an asthmatic attack when working on thoracic spine.

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23
Q

viscerosomatic reflex

A

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures. For example gallbladder disease affecting musculature.

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24
Q

viscerovisceral reflex

A

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures. For example, pancreatitis and vomiting.

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25
Q

5 Osteopathic Models

A 
Biomechanical (structural, postural)
Neurological
Respiratory/circulatory
Metabolic/Nutritional
Behavioral (psychobehavioral)
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26
Q

Acute vs chronic

A

-Local increase in muscle tone, contraction, spasm, increased muscle spindle firing
Normal or sluggish ROM
May be minimal or no somatovisceral effects
-Decreased muscle tone, contracted muscles, sometimes flaccid
Restricted ROM
Somatovisceral effects more often present

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27
Q

Orientation of Superior Facets

A

BUM
BUL
BM

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28
Q

Orientation of Inferior Facets

A

AIL
AIM
AL

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29
Q

Anterior Lumbar Counterstrain Points

A 
AL1 Medial to ASIS
AL2 Medial to AIIS
AL3 Lateral to AIIS
AL4 Inferior to AIIS
AL5 Anterior, superior aspect of pubic ramus, lateral to symphysis pubis
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30
Q

Psoas inserts on the

A

lessor trochanter of femur

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31
Q

The key somatic dysfunction initiating or perpetuating psoas syndrome is believed to be a

A

type II (non-neutral) somatic dysfunction (F Rx Sx) usually occurring in the L1 or L2 vertebral unit, where “x” is the side of side-bending of the somatic dysfunction

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32
Q

Psoas Syndrome

A
  • The key, nonneutral (type II) somatic dysfunction at L1 and/or L2
  • Sacral somatic dysfunction on an oblique axis, usually to the side of lumbar side-bending
  • Pelvic shift to the opposite side of the greatest psoas spasm
  • Hypertonicity of the piriformis muscle contralateral to the side of greatest psoas spasm
  • Sciatic nerve irritation on the side of the piriformis spasm
  • Gluteal muscular and posterior thigh pain that does not go past the knee, on the side of the piriformis muscle spasm
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33
Q

ME is

A

direct/active

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34
Q

HVLA is

A

direct/active

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35
Q

Counterstrain is

A

Indirect/Passive

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36
Q

Balanced ligamentous technique is

A

Indirect/Passive

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37
Q

Facilitated Positional Release is

A

Indirect/Passive

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38
Q

Examples of Indirect Techniques

A

Counterstrain
Facilitated Positional Release (FPR)
Balanced Ligamentous Tension Technique (BLT)
Functional Technique
Myofascial Release (may also be direct)
Cranial (may also be direct)
Still Technique (combined indirect and direct)

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39
Q

Examples of Direct Techniques

A 
Soft tissue 
Articulatory
Muscle Energy
High velocity, low amplitude (HVLA)
Springing
Myofascial Release (may also be indirect)
Cranial (may also be indirect)
Still Technique (combined indirect and direct)
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40
Q

Effleurage

A

Gentle stroking of congested tissue used to encourage lymphatic flow

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41
Q

Petrissage

A

Involves pinching or tweaking one layer and lifting it or twisting it away from deeper areas

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42
Q

Tapotement

A

striking the belly of a muscle with the hypothenar edge of the open hand in rapid succession in order to increase it’s tone and arterial perfusion. A hammering, chopping percussion of tissues to break adhesions and/or encourage bronchial secretions

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43
Q

Counterstrain interacts with

A

-Muscle spindle
Muscle length
rate of change of length
In parallel

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44
Q

Muscle Energy interacts with

A 
-Golgi tendon
Muscle tension
Rate of change of muscle tension
In series
-Nociceptors
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45
Q

Postisometric Relaxation

A
  • The physician isometrically resists contraction, then takes up the slack inaffected muscles during the relaxed refractory period.
  • There may also be increased tension on Golgi organ proprioceptors in tendons with muscle contraction, which inhibits active muscle contraction.
  • Physician Repositions Patient to Feather Edge of New Barrier
  • Goal: muscle relaxation
  • all three planes
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46
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition

A
  • Relax and lengthen muscles in acute spasm.
  • Patient is Instructed to GENTLY Push TOWARD the Barrier
  • all three planes
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47
Q

Counterstrain: Steps of Treatment

A
  • Maintain finger contact at all times (NOT PRESSING FIRM constantly, only monitoring!)(***continuous monitoring)
  • Hold it for 90 seconds (that’s the time for ALL counterstrain points, including ribs)
  • Return patient to neutral position SLOWLY!!
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48
Q

Facilitated Positional Release (FPR)

A

Body part in NEUTRAL position
COMPRESSION applied to shorten muscle/muscle fibers (some cases may have TRACTION instead)
Place area into EASE of motion (INDIRECT) for 3-5 seconds
Return body part to neutral
THIS TECHNIQUE IS INDIRECT!!!!

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49
Q

Still Technique

A

Tissue/joint placed in EASE of motion position (augments the somatic dysfunction)
Compression (or traction) vector force added
Tissue/joint moved through restriction (into and through the restrictive barrier) while maintaining compression (or traction) and force vector
THIS TECHNIQUE GOES FROM INDIRECT TO DIRECT!!!!

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50
Q

Epicondylitis lateral

A

Tennis elbow

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51
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

Golfer’s elbow

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52
Q

Upper Extremity Counterstrain Points Subscapularis

A

Extension, internal rotation, and slight abduction of the humerus

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53
Q

Upper Extremity Counterstrain Points Levator Scapulae

A

internally rotation of arm/shoulder with traction and slight abduction

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54
Q

Upper Extremity Counterstrain Points Supraspinatus

A

Flex arm/shoulder 45 degrees
Abduct arm/shoulder 45 degrees
Externally rotate arm/shoulder

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55
Q

Upper Extremity Counterstrain Points Infraspinatus

A

Flex arm/shoulder 150 degrees
Internally rotate arm/shoulder
Abducts arm/shoulder

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56
Q

During pronation (radius and ulna)

A

Distal radius crosses over ulna and moves anteromedially

Proximal radial head glides (moves) posterior

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57
Q

During supination (radius and ulna)

A

Distal radius moves posterolaterally

Proximal radial head glides (moves) anterior

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58
Q

most common radius/ulna disfunction and what does it inhibit

A

Posterior radial head is the most common dysfunction, leading to loss of forearm supination

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59
Q

Falling forward on an outstretched hand leads to a…. and can inhibit

A
  • Falling forward on an outstretched hand leads to a posterior radial head
  • Forearm resists supination
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60
Q

Falling backward on an outstretched hand leads to … and can inhibit

A
  • Falling backward on an outstretched hand leads to an anterior radial head
  • Forearm resists pronation
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61
Q

Short-lever Evaluation & Diagnosis of Radius

A
  • Palpate radial head
  • With distal hand induce pronation & supination at the wrist proximal to the carpal bones
  • A/P glide & rotation should be palpable, esp. at extremes of supination & pronation
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62
Q

radius during pronation and supination

A 
Pronation = posterior
Supination = anterior
63
Q

long lever Evaluation & Diagnosis—Radius

A
  • With elbows at the side and bent to 90º, grasp both wrists proximal to carpal bones and induce supination & pronation at the extremes of motion
  • Isolates motion of radius, ulna & interosseous membrane at end-point of supination & pronation
64
Q

Radial Head, Pronation DysfunctionStill Technique (treatment)

A
  • The patient is seated on the table, and the physician stands in front of the patient.
  • The physician holds the patient’s hand on the dysfunctional arm as if shaking hands with the patient.
  • The physician places the index finger pad and thumb of the other hand so that the thumb is anterior and the index finger pad is posterior to the radial head (Fig. 13.58).
  • The physician rotates the hand into the indirect pronation position and pushes the radial head posteriorly with the thumb until the ease barrier is engaged (Fig. 13.59).
  • Finally, the physician, with a moderate acceleration through an arclike path of least resistance, supinates the forearm toward the restrictive bind barrier (Fig. 13.60) and adds an anterior directed counterforce (arrow, Fig. 13.61) with the index finger pad.
  • The release may occur before the barrier is met. If not, the radial head must not be carried more than a few degrees beyond.
  • The physician reevaluates the dysfunctional (TART) components.
65
Q

Radial Head, Pronation DysfunctionStill Technique (diagnosis)

A
  • Symptoms: Elbow discomfort with inability to fully supinate the forearm
  • Motion: Restricted supination of the forearmPalpation: Tenderness at the radial head with posterior prominence of the radial head
66
Q

Radial Head, Supination Dysfunction Still Technique (Diagnosis)

A
  • Symptoms: Elbow discomfort with inability to fully pronate the forearm
  • Motion: Restricted pronation of the forearmPalpation: Tenderness at the radial head with anterior (ventral) prominence of the radial head
67
Q

Radial Head, Supination Dysfunction Still Technique (treatment)

A
  • The patient is seated on the table, and the physician stands in front of the patient.
  • The physician holds the patient’s hand on the dysfunctional arm as if shaking hands with the patient.
  • The physician places the index finger pad and thumb of the other hand so that the thumb is anterior and the index finger pad is posterior to the radial head (Fig. 13.62).
  • The physician rotates the hand into the indirect supination position (Fig. 13.63) and pushes the radial head anteriorly (arrow, Fig. 13.64) with the index finger pad until the ease barrier is engaged.
  • Finally, the physician, with moderate acceleration through an arclike path of least resistance, pronates the forearm toward the restrictive bind barrier and adds a posterior directed counterforce (arrow, Fig. 13.65) with the thumb.
  • The release may occur before the barrier is met. If not, the radial head must not be carried more than a few degrees beyond.
  • The physician reevaluates the dysfunctional (TART) components.
68
Q

Somatic Dysfunction of the Elbow Joint (Abducted Ulna

)

A

Named for freedom of motion
Olecranon process has a medial glide
Distal Ulna Abducts (moves laterally)

69
Q

Somatic Dysfunction of the Elbow Joint (Adducted Ulna

)

A

Named for freedom of motion
Olecranon process has a lateral glide
Distal Ulna Adducts (moves medially)

70
Q

Upper Extremity Sympathetics (nerves and disfunction)

A

-T2 – T8
-Dysfunction of the upper thoracic spine and ribs may increase sympathetic tone to the upper extremity
Increased sensitivity to pain, decreased blood flow and lymphatic return

71
Q

Branchial plexus Nerve roots pass between

A

pass between the anterior and middle scalenes

72
Q

Branchial plexus Nerve trunks pass between

A

From the scalene triangle to the clavicle

73
Q

Branchial plexus Nerve divisions pass between

A

posterior clavicle to axilla

74
Q

Branchial plexus Nerve cords pass

A

axilla

75
Q

Branchial plexus nerves

A

C5-8, T1

76
Q

Branchial plexus Neurovascular bundle contents

A

Subclavian artery and vein
Brachial plexus
Sympathetic nerve plexus

77
Q

Neurological Exam of UE C4

A

Sensation: shoulder
Motor:
reflex:

78
Q

Neurological Exam of UE C5

A

Sensation: lateral elbow
Motor: bicep
reflex: bicep

79
Q

Neurological Exam of UE C6

A

Sensation: thumb, index finger
Motor: wrist extensors
reflex: brachialradialis

80
Q

Neurological Exam of UE C7

A

Sensation: mid finger
Motor: tricep
reflex: tricep

81
Q

Neurological Exam of UE C8

A

Sensation: ring finger, pinky
Motor: wrist flexor
reflex:

82
Q

Neurological Exam of UE T1

A

Sensation: medial elbow
Motor: interossi
reflex:

83
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Entrapment Sites

A 
-Scalene triangle
Anterior and middle scalenes
Brachial plexus, subclavian artery
-Costoclavicular space  
1st rib and clavicle
-Brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein
Subcoracoid space
Overlying ribs under pectoralis minor attachment at coracoid process
84
Q

TOS Diagnosis (Adson’s test)

A
  • Neck extended turned toward affected side
  • Narrows the interscalene space
  • Modified version (Reverse Adson’s) - turn head to opposite side
  • For cervical rib
85
Q

TOS Diagnosis (Costoclavicular (Halsted) maneuver)

A
  • Exaggerated military posture
  • scapula retracted and depressed
  • chest protruding
  • Narrows the costoclavicular space
86
Q

TOS Diagnosis (Wright’s (Hyperabduction) maneuver)

A
  • shoulder external rotation
  • abduction beyond 90°
  • Compression below the pectoralis minor insertion
87
Q

TOS Diagnosis (EAST test (Roo’s test))

A
  • shoulders externally rotated and abducted to 90°; elbows flexed to 90 °
  • open and close hands repeatedly for up to three minutes
88
Q

Rotator Cuff muscles and actions

A

Supraspinatus – Abduction
Infraspinatus - External rotation
Teres Minor – External rotation
Subscapularis – Internal rotation

89
Q

Most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle is

A

supraspinatus

90
Q

Rotator cuff tear leads to weakness of the shoulder and difficulty with

A

overhead activity

91
Q

Shoulder Abduction Movement sequence

A

Supraspinatus
Deltoid 0-90
Trapezius 90-150
Erector Spinae 150-180

92
Q

Glenohumeral Motion

A

The scapula must upwardly rotate to allow overhead activity.
1st 30-45o of humeral abduction is GH with little motion of scapula.
Then, for every 15o of abduction there is 10o at GH joint and 5o at the scapulothoracic joint.
Therefore, ROM ratio glenohumeral to scapulothoracic is 2:1

93
Q

Humeral dislocation usually occurs

A

anteriorly and inferiorly

94
Q

Mid-shaft fracture of the humerus would most likely impair

A

extension at the wrist

95
Q

Neer’s test (how and what does it check)

A
  • stabilize scapula
  • pronate arm
  • maximum flexion of arm (arm straight above head)
  • pain resulting from subacromial impingement
96
Q

Carpal Tunnel Contents

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve

97
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A
  • Median nerve compression within tunnel (entrapment neuropathy)
  • Pain, paresthesia, weakness (Palmar surface of the thumb, index, middle and ½ of ring finger)
  • May lead to thenar atrophy
98
Q

Phalen and prayer test for carpel tunnel

A
  • Wrist flexion to maximum for 60 seconds

- opposite

99
Q

Provocation Test

A

Compress and hold over transverse carpal ligament

100
Q

DeQuervain (or stenosing) tenosynovitis

A

This condition is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the thumb
-Extensor pollicis brevis
-Abductor pollicis longus
Repetitive movements of the thumb cause inflammation within tendon sheath
-Swelling around anatomic snuffbox

101
Q

Finkelstein test indicative and how

A

DeQuervain (or stenosing) tenosynovitis

-put thumb in fist and ulnar deviation

102
Q

Apley’s Scratch Test

A

Active Shoulder Range-of-Motion

103
Q

Apprehension Test

A

Anterior Shoulder Instability/Integrity of Glenohumeral Joint Capsule

104
Q

Cozen Test

A

Tests for Lateral Epicondylitis
With the patient’s wrist immobilized, the pain is reproduced when patient extends their wrist against resistance.

105
Q

Drop Arm Test

A

Supraspinatus Muscle Tear

106
Q

Spurling Test

A

Radicular Symptoms/Nerve root compression/Neural foraminal narrowing

107
Q

Empty Can Test

A

Supraspinatus Muscle Tear

108
Q

Yergason Test

A

Tear of Transverse Humeral Ligament

Dislocation of Biceps Tendon in Bicipital Groove

109
Q

Allen Test

A

Radial and ulnar artery patency

110
Q

Hip Drop Test

A

Thoracolumbar/Lumbar Side-Bending Abnormality

111
Q

Straight Leg Raising (SLR) Test and Contralateral Straight Leg Raising test for

A

Herniated Lumbar Disc (L1-L5, S1)

112
Q

Bragard Test

A

Herniated Lumbar Disc (L1-L5, S1)

-dorsiflex and drop leg

113
Q

Thomas Test

A

Hip Flexion Contracture (Psoas Muscle Hypertonicity)

114
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

Upper Motor Neuron Pathology

115
Q

Hoover Test

A

Malingerer

116
Q

Q (quadriceps) angle

A
  • is the angle formed by intersection of the functional longitudinal axis of the femur and the tibial longitudinal axis
  • Lower extremity alignment influences function
117
Q

normal Q (quadriceps) angle

A

Normally measures between 10-12 degrees

118
Q

Lateral collateral ligament restricts

A

Limits lateral glide

119
Q

Medial collateral ligament restricts and attachment

A

-Limits medial glide

Attaches to meniscus

120
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament restricts and attachment

A

Limits excessive anterior glide

Anterior tibial attachment

121
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament restricts and attachment

A

Limits excessive posterior glide

Posterior tibial attachment

122
Q

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) test

A 
varus stress (foot in)
-Be sure to hold ABOVE the knee
123
Q

Medial collateral ligament test

A

valgus stress (foot out)

124
Q

Lachman’s Test

A

Apply an anterior force on the tibia while stabilizing the thigh. Positive if laxity
BEST TEST FOR ACL INTEGRITY.

125
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Sag test and post. drawer test

126
Q

The medial meniscus IS attached to the

A

MCL

127
Q

The lateral meniscus IS NOT attached to the

A

LCL

128
Q

Patellar Grind Test

A

Assessment of posterior patellar articulatory surface
Pt supine with knee extended
Dr applies posterior pressure onto patella
Dr may articulate patella or ask pt to actively extend knee
Considered positive with elicited pain or apprehension

129
Q

Patellofemoral tracking syndrome (Chondromalacia) would give a positive

A

This would have a positive patellofemoral grind test

130
Q

pronation Effect on Distal Fibula

A

Causes posteromedial movement

131
Q

pronation of foot =

A

Dorsiflexion
Abduction
Eversion

132
Q

Supination of foot =

A

Plantar Flexion
Adduction
Inversion

133
Q

supination Effect on Distal Fibula

A

Causes anterolateral movement

134
Q

Medial longitudinal arch includes

A

talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1st – 3rd metatarsals

135
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch includes

A

calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals

136
Q

Transverse arch includes

A

navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, proximal metatarsal ends

137
Q

Fallen Arch causes

A

Talus anteriorly rotates
Navicular glides inferomedially
Cuboid glide inferolaterally
Cuneiforms glide inferiorly

138
Q

Tenderness to palpation of the lateral foot distal to the calcaneous caused by

A

laterally rotated cuboid

139
Q

Tenderness to palpation of the medial foot distal to the talus caused by

A

medially rotated navicular

140
Q

Somatic Dysfunction Transverse Arch

A
  • Cuboid (lateral) tends to move laterally around an AP axis (eversion)
  • Edge is prominent midline on the plantar surface
  • Navicular (Medial) tends to move medially around an AP axis (inversion)
  • Edge is prominent midline on the plantar surface
  • Cuneiform (inferior)-glides directly in plantar direction
141
Q

Ankle Sprains 1st Degree

A

Ligament integrity
Conservative care
ATF

142
Q

Ankle Sprains 2nd Degree

A

Partial tearing (slight laxity)
Usually no need for surgery
ATF and CF

143
Q

Ankle Sprains 3rd Degree

A

Complete rupture
Immobilization
Surgery rarely indicated
ATF, CF, and PTF

144
Q

MOST COMMONLY INJURED LIGAMENT IN AN INVERSION ANKLE SPRAIN IS THE

A

ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR (ATF)

145
Q

Treatments of the FootMedial Ankle Counterstrain Point

A
  • Location: Anterior Tibialis m.
    1. Patient lies lateral recumbent. Place a pillow under the medial aspect of the distal tibia to create a fulcrum.
    2. Apply an inversion force to the foot and ankle with slight internal rotation of foot until the tenderness reduced.
    3. Re-assess
146
Q

Treatments of the FootLateral Ankle Counterstrain Point

A
  • Location: Fibularis Longus, Brevis, or Tertius m.
    1. Patient lies in lateral recumbent position. Physician places a pillow under the lateral aspect of the distal tibia to create a fulcrum.
    2. Physician applies an eversion force to the foot and ankle with slight external rotation of the foot until the tenderness is reduced.
    3. Reassess
147
Q

Posterior Fibular Head HVLA

A
  1. Patient lies prone with dysfunctional knee flexed at 90 degrees.
  2. Physician stands at the side of the table opposite the side of the dysfunction.
  3. Physician places cephalad hand behind dysfunctional fibular head.
  4. Physician’s caudad hand grasps ankle on dysfunctional side and flexes knee to restrictive barrier.
  5. Patients foot and ankle are externally rotated to carry fibular head back against physician’s cephalad hand.
  6. Physician’s caudad hand delivers a thrust toward patient’s buttocks, which then causes fibular head to move anteriorly.
    * **An anterior thrust is applied at the fibular head
148
Q

Posterior Fibular Head HVLA

A
  1. Patient lies supine with dysfunctional knee flexed at 90 degrees.
  2. Physician stands on the same side of the table as the dysfunction.
  3. Physician places cephalad hand behind dysfunctional fibular head.
  4. Physician’s caudad hand grasps ankle and/or tibia on dysfunctional side.
  5. Physician either dorsiflexes, everts, and externally rotates the ankle or externally rotates the tibia into the restrictive barrier.
  6. Physician delivers short HVLA thrust with caudad hand to approximate calcaneus to ischial tuberosity, and the cephalad hand acts as a fulcrum.
    * **An anterior thrust is applied at the fibular head
149
Q

Anterior Fibular Head HVLA

A
  1. Patient lies supine.
  2. Physician’s caudad hand plantar flexes, inverts, and internally rotates patient’s ankle to bring distal fibular more anterior.
  3. Physician places cephalad hand over the anterior surface of proximal fibula.
  4. A thrust is delivered through the fibular head straight back toward the table.
    * **A posterior thrust is applied at the fibular head
150
Q

Tennis Elbow and Related Injuries: Ligamentous Articular Strain Technique

A
  • flex wrist and pronate arm
  • grasp olecranon between index finger and thumb
  • compress forearm between two hands until at balance point
  • extend elbow keeping pressure
151
Q

Inversion ankle sprain will cause

A

anterolateral distal fibular head
post. fibular head
externally rotated tibia

152
Q

right inversion ankle sprain will cause what to the sacrum

A

right sacral rotation
lumbar left
thoracic right
cervical left

153
Q

DeQuervain (or stenosing) tenosynovitis muscles affected and symptoms

A

Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Swelling around anatomic snuffbox

OPP (6 decks)

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