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OPP > OPP 2 Exam #2 > Flashcards

OPP 2 Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior Pubic Shear

A

Ipsilateral inguinal ligament tense and tender

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2
Q

Inferior Pubic Shear

A

Ipsilateral inguinal ligament tense and tender

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3
Q

Transverse axis Superior

A

the cranial primary respiratory mechanism creates motion around this axis

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4
Q

Transverse axis Middle

A

sacral base anterior and posterior (FB/BB) occur around this axis

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5
Q

Transverse axis Inferior

A

the innominates rotate around this axis

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6
Q

Lumbosacral Spring Test (neg/pos)

A

MOVEMENT (Good thing)
Negative test

NO MOVEMENT (Bad thing)
	Positive test
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7
Q

Positive Lumbosacral Spring Test

A

NO springing allowed
Non-neutral condition ROL or LOR
b/l sacral extension
unilateral sacral extension

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8
Q

Negative Lumbosacral Spring Test

A 
springing allowed 
Neutral condition ROR LOL
b/l sacral flexion
unilateral sacral flexion
no sacral somatic dysfunction
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9
Q

positive Sphinx test

A

If part of the sacral base is posterior, it will resist moving anterior with lumbar extension and thumbs will appear more asymmetric

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10
Q

negative Sphinx test

A

If part of the sacral base is anterior, it will move more anterior with lumbar extension and thumbs will appear more symmetric

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11
Q

Sacral Torsion Rules

A

L5 Side-bends Towards the Oblique Axis

L5 Rotates Opposite of Sacral Rotation

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12
Q

Seated Flexion Test +R

A

LOL
ROL
RUF
RUE

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13
Q

Seated Flexion Test +L

A

ROR
LOR
LUF
LUE

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14
Q

Seated Flexion Test even

A

B/L Sacral Flexion

B/L Sacral Extension

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15
Q

Lumbosacral Spring Test Pos.

A

LOR
ROL
UE
B/LSacral Extension

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16
Q

Lumbosacral Spring Test Neg.

A

LOL
ROR
UF
B/L Sacral Flexion

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17
Q

Sphinx Test Pos.

A

LOR
ROL
UE

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18
Q

Sphinx Test Neg

A 
LOL
ROR
UF
B/L Sacral Extension
B/L Sacral Flexion
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19
Q

Forward Sacral Torsion

A

Neutral
LOL and ROR
L5 Neutral Mechanics

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20
Q

Backward Sacral Torsion

A

Non-neutral
LOR and ROL
L5 Non-neutral Mechanics

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21
Q

Unilateral Sacral Flexion: ME

A

Treatment Position: Prone
Place your left hypothenar eminence on patient’s right ILA
Ask patient to inhale and hold breath, while you push anterior and superior on the ILA

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22
Q

Unilateral Sacral Extension: ME

A

Treatment Position: Prone
Place your left hypothenar eminence on the patient’s right sacral sulcus
Ask the patient to exhale and hold breath, while you push anterior and caudad on the superior sulcus

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23
Q

T10 – T11 (gang nerver and organs)

A

Superior Mesenteric Ganglion: Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

-Kidney, Upper Ureter, Gonads

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24
Q

T12 – L2 (gang nerver and organs)

A

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion: Least and Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves
-Prostate, Lower Ureter, Bladder

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25
Q

Bladder sympathetic level

A

T12 – L2

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26
Q

Parasympathetic Levels Vagus Nerve

A

OA, AA, C2

kidneys, proximalureter

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27
Q

Parasympathetic Levels

A

S2-S4

distalureter, bladder, reproductive organs, and external genitalia

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28
Q

Goal of ME in innominate somatic dysfunction treatment is to

A

restore joint motion

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29
Q

starts by classifying study participants as either diseased (cases) or nondiseased (controls), and then looking backward in time for the presence or absence of suspected risk factors

START WITH OUTCOME THEN LOOK FOR EXPOSURE

A

case-control study

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30
Q

classifies study participants as either having or not having a given risk factor, and then follows them forward in time to assess the incidence (disease onset) of one or more disease conditions

FOLLOWING OVER TIME
START WITH EXPOSURE AND SEE IF IT CAUSES DISEASE

A

cohort study

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31
Q

is an interventional study in which all study participants receive the treatment being tested, but at different times. The central idea is to leave no untreated study participants. Said differently, the treatment and control groups are switched at some predetermined point in the study

A

crossover study

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32
Q

assesses the prevalence of a disease in a defined population. The numbers of people with the disease are first counted. Then, factors that are more common in the diseased than the nondiseased are identified based on the current characteristics of the study participants

SPECIFIC PIONT IN TIME

A

cross-sectional study

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33
Q

participants in the study are randomly allocated into either an “intervention” or a “control” group to receive or not receive an experimental preventive or therapeutic procedure or intervention. In RCTs, there are two types of control groups: placebos (patient receives no medication) and standard of care (patient receives currently approved medication)

A

randomized controlled trial

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34
Q

objective study of a clinical characteristic or outcome from a group of clinical subjects

A

case series study

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35
Q

Selection bias

A

a

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36
Q

Systematic differences between groups in exposure, or care, or inclusion of other factors besides interventions of interest (confounding variables)
-researcher giving more attention to participant who was given the drug than the control

A

Performance bias

37
Q

Systematic differences between groups in how outcomes are determined
-obese men are harder to biopsy for prostate cancer, therefore obesity and prostate cancer may be underestimated

A

Detection bias

38
Q

Systematic differences between groups in withdrawals from study
-loss of participants

A

Attrition bias

39
Q

Systematic differences between reported and unreported findings
-selective revealing or suppression of information (statistical significant publication is more likely to be published than a non statistical significant publication)

A

Reporting bias

40
Q

Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states within a population, and the application of this study to the control of disease and other health problems

A

Epidemiology

41
Q

False negative rate equation

A

1 - sensitivity

42
Q

False positive rate equation

A

1 - specificity

43
Q

increase sensitivity

A

Inc negative prediction test
dec false negative rate
dec specificity

44
Q

increase specificity

A

Inc positive prediction test
dec false positive rate
dec sensitivity

45
Q

sensitivity

A

Probability of correctly identifying diseased person

46
Q

specificity

A

Probability of identifying disease free person

47
Q

Positive prediction value

A

Probability of disease in a person who gets a positive result

48
Q

Negative prediction value

A

Probability of no disease in a person who gets a negative result

49
Q

Incidence (specify and equation)

A
  • Only new case of the disease that occurred during a specific period (ACUTE)
  • (# of new events in a specific Period / # of persons “exposed to risk” of becoming new cases during this specific period)
50
Q

Prevalence Rate (specify and equation)

A
  • Proportion of People in a population who have a particular disease at a specified point in time, or over a specified period of time (CHRONIC)
  • All Cases of a Disease at a given point/ period (old and new) / Total Population “at risk” for being cases at given point/period
51
Q

Point Prevalence vs period prevalence

A

Point Prevalence: prevalence at a specified point (specific period of time) a date
Period Prevalence: prevalence at a specified period (range of time) a month

52
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

number with disease / total population

53
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Number of deaths due to a disease / total population

54
Q

Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence

A

Prevalence = Incidence x Duration

  • Direct correlation: inc incidence inc prevalence, inc duration inc prevelance
  • Prevalence Pot: new + old
  • Death or recovery reduces prevalence pot
55
Q

prevalence declines

A
  • sensitivity and specificity are unchanged

- increase negative predictive value (NPV) and decrease positive predictive value (PPV)

56
Q

BUN/Cr ratio greater than 20:1

A

dehydration and prerenal condition

57
Q

antinuclear anitbody

A

lupus

58
Q

yellow penile discharge

A

gonorrhea

59
Q

white penile discharge

A

chlamydia

60
Q

What condition causes palpable, hard plaques beneath the skin along the dorsum of the penis, and leads to crooked, painful erection?

A

Peyronie disease

61
Q

DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) vs IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma)

A

DCIS: contained in the milk duct
IDC: invade surrounding tissue

62
Q

three main categories of benign breast disease and ages

A
  1. Non proliferative - simple breast cyst (30-50)
  2. Proliferative without atypia - fibroadenomas (15-35)
  3. Atypical hyperplasia - Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
63
Q

represents 80% of all breast cancers; begins growing in a milk duct and has invaded the fibrous or fatty tissue of the breast outside of the duct

A

Invasive intraductal carcinoma

64
Q

cancer cells have broken out of the lobule where they began and have the potential to spread to the lymph nodes and other areas of the body

A

Lobular carcinoma

65
Q

rare form of breast cancer in which cancer cells collect in or around the nipple; affects the ducts of the nipple first, then spreads to the nipple surface and the areola

A

Paget’s disease of the nipple

66
Q

a rate type of breast cancer that develops rapidly, making the affected breast red, swollen, and tender; peau d’orange appearance

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

67
Q

“triple negative” breast cancer

A
  • Estrogen Receptors are negative (ER-)
  • Progesterone Receptors are negative (PR-)
  • Human Epidermal Growth Factor is negative (HER2-).
68
Q

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS

A

is an inherited familial predisposition to a wide range of certain, often rare, cancers. This is due to a mutation in TP53.

69
Q

Phyllodes tumors

A

are rare breast tumors that start in the connective (stromal) tissue of the breast; most common in women in their 40s. Women with LFS have an increased risk for phyllodes tumor. Most phyllodes tumors are benign, but about 1 out of 4 of these tumors are malignant

70
Q

Example: A researcher conducts a study to determine whether children given red pencils learn math better than children given yellow pencils. Students at School A receive red pencils for a semester, those at school B receive yellow pencils.

A

Quasi-Experimental Designs

71
Q

Recall bias

A

history of what they can remember that may have nothing to do with the issue

72
Q

muscles of the hamstring

A

Semitendinosus.
Semimembranosus.
Biceps femoris.

73
Q

muscle of the quads

A

vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris

74
Q

left sided heart failure

A

aortic valve stenosis

75
Q

right sided heart failure

A

pulmonary valve stenosis

76
Q

cyanotic CHD causes

A

increase volume load and pressure load

77
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart defects 3

A
  1. Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow
  2. intracardiac admixture of pulmonary venous oxygenated blood and systemic venous return
  3. Persistence of fetal pathway (hypertension)
78
Q

There are 3 major components for the evaluation of CHD

A
  1. low Pulse OX
  2. increased, normal or decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR
  3. right, left or biventricular hypertrophy as determined by EKG
79
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

a rare disease (of uncertain cause) that is characterized by inflammation in various tissues, including blood vessels but primarily parts of the respiratory tract and the kidneys

80
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

a serious syndrome due to a direct or indirect muscle injury. It results from the death of muscle fibers and release of their contents into the bloodstream. It causes muscle pain that may indicate the presence of renal disease. This means the kidneys cannot remove waste and concentrated urine

81
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal dominant

82
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

Age: 3-4 none after 5

nephroblastoma

83
Q

indirect hernia

A

lateral

84
Q

direct hernia

A

medial

85
Q

crooked painful erection

A

peyronie disease

86
Q

phimosis
paraphimosis
hypospadius

A

phimosis: cant retract foreskin
paraphimosis: retracted foreskin cant be returned
hypospadius: underside of penis

87
Q

genital warts
small scattered group vesicles
painless erosions
painful ulcers

A

genital warts: HPV
small scattered group vesicles: herpes
painless erosions: syphillis
painful ulcers: chanacroid

88
Q

breast cancer metastasize to

A

axillary lymph node and to bones

OPP (6 decks)

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