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OPP > OPP 2 EXAM #1 > Flashcards

OPP 2 EXAM #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Facilitated segments ONLY occur at

A

Sympathetics

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2
Q

Convexity to the right equals

A

left side-bending

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3
Q

Greatest motion in the thoracic spine is

A

rotation

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4
Q

t motion in the thoracic spine is

A

extension

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5
Q

Rib 10 can be categorized as

A

both a typical and atypical rib

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6
Q

Rotatores most likely involved in

A

Type II somatic dysfunction

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7
Q

Anterior T1-T6 counterstrain tender points are treated with

A

flexion

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8
Q

Important to treat the thoracoabdominal diaphragm if

A

flattened (indicates diminished zone of apposition

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9
Q

People with COPD are an example of people with

A

a flattened diaphragm and diminished zone of apposition

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10
Q

treatment of a flattened diaphragm and diminished zone of apposition

A
  • improves diaphragmatic excursion which improves the pressure gradient between abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity, which helps improve lymphatic flow
  • Treatment improves lymphatic flow also by relaxing the tension in the thoracoabdominal diaphragm
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11
Q

Vertebral bodies usually rotated towards the

A

side of dysfunction

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12
Q

If you have left lower lobe pneumonia, the vertebra will rotate to the

A

left

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13
Q

If you have gastritis, the vertebrae will rotate to the

A

left

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14
Q

If you have cholecystitis (gallbladder issues), the vertebrae will rotate to the

A

right

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15
Q

patient may be obese female, in her 40s, passing flatus after eating meals and the vertebra(e) would rotate to the

A

right in the area of the gallbladder

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16
Q

Proprioception

A

The subconscious mechanism involved in the self-regulation of posture and movement through stimuli originating in the receptors imbedded in every joint, tendon, and muscle and combined with info from the vestibular system

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17
Q

somatic dysfunction causes

A

altered proprioception

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18
Q

Type 1

A
  • Typically applies to a group of vertebrae (more than two)

- Side-bending precedes rotation

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19
Q

Type 2

A
  • Typically applies to a single vertebra

- Rotation precedes side-bending

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20
Q

Rule of 3’s T1-3

A

spinous processes project posteriorly therefore the tip of the spinous process is in the same plane as the transverse process of that vertebra
-T12

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21
Q

Rule of 3’s T4-6

A

spinous processes project slightly downward, therefore the tip of the spinous process lies in a plane halfway between that vertebra’s transverse processes and the transverse processes of the vertebra below it
-T11

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22
Q

Rule of 3’s T7-9

A

spinous processes project moderately downward, therefore the tip of the spinous process is in a plane with the transverse process below it
-T10

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23
Q

Examples of Indirect Techniques

A
  • Counterstrain
  • Facilitated Positional Release (FPR)
  • Balanced Ligamentous Tension Technique (BLT)
  • Functional Technique
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24
Q

FPR

A
  • Body part in NEUTRAL position (flatten the curve/spine)
  • COMPRESSION applied to shorten muscle/muscle fibers (some cases may have TRACTION instead)
  • Place area into EASE of motion (INDIRECT) for 3-5 seconds
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25
Q

IVC hiatuses

A

T8

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26
Q

Esophagus hiatuses

A

T10

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27
Q

Aorta hiatuses

A

T12

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28
Q

Examples of Direct Techniques

A 
Soft tissue 
Articulatory
Muscle Energy
High velocity, low amplitude (HVLA)
Springing
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29
Q

Orientation of Superior Facets

A

BUM
BUL
BM

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30
Q

Orientation of Inferior Facets\

A

AIL
AIM
AL

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31
Q

Viscero-somatic reflex

A

gallstones causing tissue texture changes

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32
Q

Somato-visceral reflex

A

manipulating someone and causing constipation

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33
Q

post ganglionic sympathetic fibers lead to

A

tissue texture changes such as hypertonicity, moisture, erythema

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34
Q

Sympathetic Pre-ganglionics levels

A

T5 through L2

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35
Q

Celiac Ganglion (T5-T9) Post-ganglionic to

A 
Distal Esophagus
STOMACH (epigastric)
Liver
GALLBLADDER (cholecystitis)
Spleenportions of Pancreas
proximal Duodenum (foregut)
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36
Q

Superior Mesenteric Ganglion (T10-T11) Post-ganglionic to

A 
Portions of Pancreas
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Ascending Colon
Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon (midgut)
Adrenals
Gonads
Kidneys
upper ½ Ureter
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37
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion (T12-L2) Post-ganglionic to

A 
Distal 1/3 Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
SIGMOID
Rectum (hindgut)
lower ½ Ureter
Bladder
Prostate Genitalia
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38
Q

Sympathetic Innervation Greater Splanchnic Nerve (T5-9) synapse

A

Synapses at the Celiac Ganglion\

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39
Q

Sympathetic Innervation Lesser Splanchnic Nerve (T10-11) synapse

A

Synapses at the Superior Mesenteric Ganglion

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40
Q

Sympathetic Innervation Least Splanchnic Nerve (T12) and Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve (L1-2) synapse

A

Synapses at the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia

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41
Q

Sympathetic Innervation Greater Splanchnic Nerve (T5-9) innervates

A 
Stomach
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Parts of Duodenum
42
Q

Sympathetic Innervation Lesser Splanchnic Nerve (T10-11) innervates

A

Small Intestines
Right Colon
(APPENDIX is found here)

43
Q

Sympathetic Innervation Least Splanchnic Nerve (T12) and Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve (L1-2) innervates

A

Left Colon

Pelvic Organs

44
Q

Sympathetic Innervation: Chapman’s Reflexes Tip of right 12th rib (right and left)

A

appendicitis

McBurney’s point

45
Q

what has to be cleared/opened/treated BEFORE ANY other lymphatic treatment)

A 
Thoracic inlet/outlet 
-Another way of saying this is that you have to open myofascial pathways at the transition zones
-Examples include:
	Anterior cervical fascia release
	Thoracic inlet myofascial release
	Pectoral Traction
46
Q

Flattening of the diaphragm causes

A
  • Stagnation of lymph
  • Increased tissue congestion
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Associated with increased infection, mortality, prolonged healing time, fibrosis and scarring
47
Q

Thoracoabdominal Diaphragm Must evaluate neurological influence

A

Phrenic Nerve/C3, C4, C5

48
Q

Thoracoabdominal Diaphragm Must evaluate biomechanical influence

A

Where the thoracoabdominal diaphragm attaches: lower ribs, thoraco-lumbar junction, T10-L3 are examples

49
Q

COPD: Musculoskeletal Changes

A

Restricted motion of the diaphragm

  • Flattened diaphragm (Diminished Zone of Apposition)
  • Decreased lymphatic drainage will occur because rib cage and diaphragm are not moving well
50
Q

Pump-Handle motion

A
  • ribs move anterior and superior with inhalation
  • rib 1-5
  • best palpated at mid-clavicular line
51
Q

Bucket-Handle motion

A
  • Predominantly ribs 6-10
  • Ribs move laterally and increase transverse diameter with inhalation
  • Best palpated at mid-axillary line
52
Q

Inhalation Rib Somatic Dysfunction

A

Motion toward inhalation is more free

Motion toward exhalation is restricted

53
Q

Exhalation Rib Somatic Dysfunction

A

Motion toward exhalation is more free

Motion toward inhalation is restricted

54
Q

Bottom Rib is key rib in

A

Inhalation dysfunction

55
Q

Top Rib is key rib in

A

Exhalation dysfunction

56
Q

Exhaled ribs are prominent

A

posteriorly

57
Q

Inhaled ribs are prominent

A

anteriorly

58
Q

Anterior Rib Counterstrain Points are associated with

A

Exhalation Rib Somatic Dysfunction

59
Q

Posterior Rib Counterstrain Points are associated with

A

Inhalation Rib Somatic Dysfunction

60
Q

If pain increases when patient inhales

A

indicates exhalation rib somatic dysfunction

61
Q

If pain increases when patient exhales

A

indicates inhalation rib somatic dysfunction

62
Q

Strain-Counterstrain ribs 1-2

A

Pain in anterior chest wall

63
Q

Strain-Counterstrain Ribs 3-6

A

Pain in lateral chest wall

64
Q

Tender Point Locations AR1

A

Below clavicle on 1st chondrosternal articulation associated with pectoralis major and internal intercostal muscles

65
Q

Tender Point Locations AR2

A

Superior aspect of 2nd rib in midclavicular line

66
Q

Tender Point Locations AR3-10

A

On the dysfunctional rib at the anterior axillary line associated with the serratus anterior (AR3-8) and internal intercostal muscles (AR9-10)

67
Q

Postisometric Relaxation

A
  • Patient is Instructed to GENTLY Push AWAY From the Barrier

- doctor towards barrier

68
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition

A

Patient is Instructed to GENTLY Push TOWARD the Barrier

-patient pushes towards the barrier

69
Q

Compression fractures causes

A

Increased kyphosis

-altered mechanics of the thoracic spine and rib cage

70
Q

Scalene triangle entrapment

A
  • ant/mid scalene

- Brachial plexus, subclavian artery

71
Q

Costoclavicular space entrapment

A
  • 1st rib, clavicle

- Brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein

72
Q

Subcoracoid space entrapment

A

Overlying ribs under pectoralis minor attachment at coracoid process

73
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Crescendo decrescendo

74
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

crescendo

75
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

decrescendo

76
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

plateau

77
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

holosystolic murmur

78
Q

late systolic murmur

A

mitral valve prolapse

79
Q

early diastolic murmur

A

incompetent semilunar valves

80
Q

CK-MB vs Cardiac troponin

A

-both used for diagnosis of acute MI (CK-MB will rise first but less specific than cardiac troponin)

81
Q

components of the Mini Mental Status Exam

A 
orientation
registration
attention and calculation
recall
language
82
Q

affect

A

what you as the doctor observe the patients mood to be
-definition: the pattern of observable behaviors which is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion) and is variable over time in response to changing emotional states

83
Q

mood

A

what the patient thinks (how they feel)

84
Q

patient’s ability for Judgment

A

process of deciding on a course of action given alternatives

85
Q

patient’s ability for insight

A

awareness that symptoms or disturbed behaviors are normal or abnormal

86
Q

Functional status

A

is the ability to perform tasks and fulfill social roles associated with daily living across a wide range of complexity

87
Q

Functional assessment from the social history

A

home life, martial status, relationship status the ability to maintain stable home life and relationships; occupation -> the ability to maintain function in education and employment status; social activities -> clubs, churches, attends events

88
Q

Six activities of daily living

A 
bathing
dressing
toileting
continence
transferring
feeding
89
Q

instrumental activities of daily living

A 
transportation (driving the car)
taking medication (managing meds)
managing money (finance, accounts, the will)
90
Q

Egophony

A

EE sounds like AA

91
Q

Bronchophony

A

99 will be louder and clear rather than muffled and indistinct

92
Q

Fremitus

A

patients says a 99 and vibrations are felt

-more vibrations = positive test

93
Q

Stertor

A

snoring

-partial obstruction of the airways from the nose to the hypopharynx

94
Q

Coarse inspiratory crackles indicates

A

the presence of mucus (sputum) in the airways

-Bronchitis

95
Q

Fine inspiratory crackles

A

indicating re-expansion of collapsed alveoli or respiratory bronchioles

  • Pneumonia
  • Atelectasis
96
Q

Inspiratory strider

A

Indicates partial obstruction in the airways from the epiglottis until the airways enter the intrathoracic influence

97
Q

Wheezing

A

narrowing of the airways

  • Asthma
  • Foreign body
  • Bronchomalacia
  • Extra-bronchial compression
98
Q

Grunting

A
  • Closing the glottis at the middle of expiration to increase the airway positive end expiratory pressure
  • attempts to prevent collapse of the alveoli at the end of expiration
99
Q

Finger Clubbing

A

-Caused by endothelial platelet-derived growth factor
Happens in:
1. Destructive lung disease (Cystic Fibrosis)
2. Cyanotic congenital heart disease
3. Ulcerative colitis
4. Crohn’s disease
5. Can be familial

100
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

is a common, and very contagious, virus that infects the respiratory tract. For most babies, the infection causes nothing more than a cold, but for a small percentage, infection with RSV can lead to serious problems such as bronchiolitis, which is inflammation of the small airways of the lungs, or pneumonia, which can become life threatening. Symptoms include coughing and a runny nose, which usually lasts for 1-2 weeks

101
Q

Pertussis

A

paroxysmal cough with a “whoop” at the end

102
Q

Newborn respiratory distress

A

the most common etiology is transient tachypnea; this is triggered by excessive lung fluid, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. Can occur in premature infants as a result of surfactant deficiency and underdeveloped lung anatomy

OPP (6 decks)

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