opioids Flashcards
opiates
occur naturally in opium poppy
example opiates
opium, morphine, codeine
opioids
natural/synthetic/semi-synthetic/endogenous substances that bind to opioid receptor
recent changes in opioid use
increase due to overprescription and nonmedical usage, as guidelines became stricter, people turned to heroin
most common methods of obtaining painkillers for nonmedical purposes
- given to by friend or relative
and being prescribed by more than one doctor
naturally occurring opioids
coming from opium poppy
morphine, codeine, thebaine
semi-synthetic opioids
chemically modified natural opiates
heroin, Vicodin, oxycontin, Percocet
synthetic opioids
methadone, fentanyl
opioids route of administration
ingested, rectally, sublingually, transdermally, snorted, smoked, injected
mechanism of action opioids
opioid receptors and endogenous opioids
acute effects of opioids
diminish pain, suppress respiration, increase sleep, euphoria, impaired cognitive function
opioid triad
three key signs of opioid overdose
coma, depressed respiration, pinpoint pupils
medical uses of opioids
cough suppressant, alleviate diarrhea
opioid tolerance
metabolic, cellular, behavioral (increased tolerance if its in a location that has repeatedly been used prior), cross-tolerance to other opioids
withdrawal of opioids
symptoms are opposite of direct effects of drugs
pain, irritability, insomnia, diarrhea, dilated pupils
organ impact from opioids
organs are not damaged from long term use but addict lifestyle is most dangerous effect
opioid dependence
addiction due to physical, environmental, and psychosocial factors
substitution opioids
methadone and buprenorphine
harm reduction to allow addicts to function normally and lessen craves and withdrawals
other opioid treatment methods
needle exchange, detoxification under anesthesia
medications to aid opioid dependence
naltrexone, clonidine
most potent opioids
fentanyl, heroin, oxycodone
least potent opioids
morphine (baseline), codeine
