hallucinogens Flashcards
hallucinogen
drugs that distort perceptions of reality at relatively low doses
hallucinogen schedule
I
but most are physiologically safe and non-addictive
hallucination
experience involving perception of something that may not actually be there
illusion
altered and distorted perceptions, thoughts, feelings, awareness, insights
hallucinogen plants
peyote, salvia, atropa belladonna
fungi hallucinogen
psilocybin and amanita mushrooms
synthetic hallucinogen
LSD, MDMA, PCP, ketamine
psychedelics
alter perceptions while still allowing person to communicate with the present world
indoleamines
similar to serotonin
LSD, psilocybin, DMT, morning glory
phenylethylamines
similar to dopamine and norepinephrine
peyote, MDMA
deliriants
block acetylcholine
atropa belladonna, henbane, mandrake
dissociatives
cause amnesia, sense of detachment from environment
salvia, PCP, ketamine, amanita mushrooms
most psychoactive hallucinogen
LSD, 25 micrograms
orally administered hallucinogens
psilocybin, LSD, MDMA
route of administration of PCP and ketamine
ingested, snorted, smoked, injected
DMT duration
30 mins
ketamine duration
1 hour
peyote duration
5 hours
PCP and psilocybin duration
6 hours
MDMA duration
7 hours
LSD duration
11 hours
psychedelic hallucinogens affect ___
serotonin, brain areas related to sensory processing, emotions, and higher executive processing
MDMA effects
increased serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin
deliriants effects
prevent binding of acetylcholine
acute effects of hallucinogens
hallucinations, altered perceptions of time and reality, euphoria, increased heart rate
3 stages of LSD and psilocybin
sympathetic nervous system is activated – alterations in perceptions and sensations – self-perception change leading to distortions of reality and emotions
MDMA acute effects
sense of empathy and closeness to others, inner peace
more prone to toxic effects on heart, serotonin syndrome, hyperthermia
deliriants acute effects
hallucinations over illusions
affects temp, vision, hydration, bladder
PCP and ketamine acute effects
depend on dose and environment, high doses can be toxic
schedule I hallucinogens
psilocybin, LSD, mescaline, MDMA
medical uses of schedule I hallucinogens
depression, PTSD, drug and alcohol dependence, psychological trauma
tolerance of hallucinogens
develops quickly and dissipates quickly
tolerance of MDMA
depression and cognitive deficits
chronic use of PCP and ketamine
memory loss, speech problems, delusional thinking
addictive hallucinogens
PCP, ketamine, MDMA (slight potential)
nonaddictive hallucinogens
psilocybin, LSD, mescaline
