Opioids Flashcards
what are the 6 types of opioids?
mild agonist
strong agonist
meperidine
propoxyphene
most common recreational drugs
rapid onset
what are the 3 classes of opioids?
morphine like
merperdine
methadone
Action of an agonist?
binds to brain receptors to stop pain
Action of an agonist-antagonist?
binds to receptors weaker pain response
Action of an antagonist?
reverses effect of agonist
What is equianalgesia?
equivalent pain relief, with different drugs
Main use for opioid medications?
for alternate to severe pain
Use for strong opioids?
surgery, combination with anesthesia
What opioid is used for long term?
transdermal fentanyl
When is morphine and hydromorphone used?
post op. injection
What opioid is used for cancer treatments?
oxycodone (oral only)
What opioid suppresses the cough center?
codeine
What does the government require on all opioids?
a black box warning related to misuse and abuse that can lead to addiction and death
Signs and symptoms of opioid toxicity?
respiratory depression
What is used to treat an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
lasts 1hr
What are some contraindications to opioids?
allergy
respiratory insufficiency
paralytic ileus
pregnancy
Interactions with opioids?
alcohol
antihistamines
benzodiazepines
CNS depressants
What are adverse effects of opioids?
histamine release (itching, hypotension)
CNS depression
urinary retention
GI tract
Incr liver function
anaphylactic reaction
What is codeine and what is it used for?
Schedule II (mild agonist)
mild to moderate pain
cough
Contradictions of codeine?
high dose does not = incr response
pediatric
labor
breastfeeding
Dosage for codeine?
(analgesia) 15-60mg 3-4 times/day
(cough) 10-20mg every 4-6hr
What is fentanyl and what is it used for?
Schedule II (strong agonist)
moderate to severe pain
Contraindications for fentanyl?
children
remove old patch before new patch
Dosage for fentanyl?
IV 50-100mcg 1 dose
patch 12-200mcg
lounges 200mcg
