Basic Exam

Question 1

Three types of drug names?

Answer 1

chemical
generic (NCLEX)
trade

Question 2

what is the classification of a drug based on?

Answer 2

structure
therapeutic use

Question 3

3 pharma- that contribute to the relationship between drugs and body?

Answer 3

pharmaceutics
pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics

Question 4

what is pharmaceutics?

Answer 4

dosage forms (liquid, tablet, sublingual, ER, EC, topical, parenteral)
and how it affects the body

Question 5

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 5

what happens to the drug at administrations till elimination

Question 6

what is absorption?

Answer 6

movement from administration –> tissue distribution

Question 7

what is distribution?

Answer 7

transports drug to site of action

Question 8

what is metabolism?

Answer 8

biochemical alteration of a drug

Question 9

what is excretion?

Answer 9

elimination from the body

Question 10

what is half-life?

Answer 10

time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated from the body

Question 11

what is bioavailability?

Answer 11

amount of drug available for absorption

Question 12

what is first pass?

Answer 12

how much drug is removed before it enters circulation

Question 13

enteral absorption?

Answer 13

first pass
sublingual (quicker)

Question 14

parenteral absorption?

Answer 14

bypasses liver (first pass)

Question 15

topical absorption?

Answer 15

slower onset
long period of time

Question 16

what is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 16

mechanism of action of a drug, its affect

Question 17

what are the goals of pharmacotherapeutics?

Answer 17

contradictions (dangerous)
Acute therapy (acutely ill, antibiotics)
maintenance therapy (maintain, HTN meds)
supplemental (supplys, insulin)
palliative (end care, pain meds)
supportive (maintain homeostasis, fluids for n/v)
prophylactic (preventative, vaccine)

Question 18

types of drug reactions?

Answer 18

external (caregivers, equipment)
internal (not taken correctly)
allergic reaction
idiosyncratic (genetic abnormality)

Question 19

what are drug properties?

Answer 19

molecular wt
dosage
duration

Question 20

what can incr. drug transfer through breast milk?

Answer 20

low molecular wt
fat solubility
high concentration

Question 21

maternal factors for drugs?

Answer 21

the mothers ability to metabolize affects how much the baby absorbs

Question 22

neonate absorption?

Answer 22

decr first pass
slow gastric emptying
IM absorption faster/irregular

Question 23

neonate distribution?

Answer 23

decr protein binding
immature blood-brain barrier
(more drugs enter brain)

Question 24

neonate metabolism?

Answer 24

low hepatic enzymes

Question 25

neonate excretion?

Answer 25

decr GFR decr kidney perfusion

Question 26

contraindicated drugs for neonates --> children?

Answer 26

tetracycline (discolors teeth) corticosteroids (supress growth) antibiotics (cartilage damage)

Question 27

common method to calculate dosage?

Answer 27

by weight (mg/kg/day)

Question 28

pediatric assessment?

Answer 28

age baseline vitals height wt growth & development medical/medication hx method for administration response to meds resources

Question 29

dosage considerations for older adults?

Answer 29

organ function weight (incr sensitive in drug receptors) (kidney and liver function)

Question 30

older adult absorption?

Answer 30

decr blood supply-->decr absorption laxatives incr GI motility= decr drug absorption

Question 31

older adult distribution?

Answer 31

decr water = less diluted drugs decr body fat= prolonged actions decr protein= incr level of active drug

Question 32

older adult metabolism?

Answer 32

1/2 life prolonged

Question 33

older adult excretion?

Answer 33

decr GFR decr perfusion low therapeutic index

Question 34

list medication categories from low risk to high risk?

Answer 34

category A category B category C category D category X

Question 35

what is pharmacogenomics?

Answer 35

how genetics addict drug response

Question 36

what is drug polymorphism?

Answer 36

the effect of... -pt age -size -gender -body composition ... and other characteristics (environment, culture, genetics) on pharmacokinetics

Question 37

cultural considerations abt drugs?

Answer 37

adherence of meds use of home remedies diet/nutritional status

Question 38

Asians/hispanics with drugs?

Answer 38

decr enzymes and slow metabolism lower doses (antipsychotic/antianxiety)

Question 39

African Americans with drugs?

Answer 39

anti HTN(diuretics> beta blockers/ACE use CCB (diltiazem) less effective to single therapy

Question 40

cultural assessment?

Answer 40

barriers to healthcare (language, poverty, belief) medication meaning assess culture

Question 41

rate drugs from controlled to least controlled?

Answer 41

C-I C-II C-III C-IV V-V

Question 42

who regulates drugs?

Answer 42

FDA DEA state laws

Question 43

what's is expedited drug approval?

Answer 43

investigations; drug available sooner

Question 44

what is informed consent?

Answer 44

explain purpose procedure benefits risk

Question 45

black box warning?

Answer 45

severe reaction after approval, still prescribes customer is warned

Question 46

class 1 recall?

Answer 46

recalled due to serious effect/death

Question 47

class 2 recall?

Answer 47

temporary/reversible effects

Question 48

class 3 recall?

Answer 48

no significant health problems

Question 49

medwatch?

Answer 49

healthcare workers report adverse effects

Question 50

liability for nurses?

Answer 50

failure to assess/evaluate failure to ensure safety medication error fraud

Question 51

what are high alert meds?

Answer 51

potential for harm is greater anesthetics IV antiarrhythmics antithrombotics insulin

Question 52

preventing errors?

Answer 52

multiple steps of checks/balances orders legible or computer generated double check med orders rights of med administration TACIT

Question 53

what is the highest priority when medication error occurs?

Answer 53

keep patient safe

Question 54

tradition of care errors?

Answer 54

admission status changes Pt transfer discharge

Question 55

what are the domains pf learning?

Answer 55

cognitive affective psychomotor

Question 56

what is cognitive learning?

Answer 56

thinking, common knowledge EX what to you know about...

Question 57

what is affective learning?

Answer 57

feelings and beliefs EX what are patients thoughts on...

Question 58

what is psychomotor learning?

Answer 58

doing EX demonstration

Question 59

OTC status

Answer 59

-consumer must diagnose condition -monitor effectiveness -benefits outweighs risks easy to use easy to monitor

Question 60

OTC hazards?

Answer 60

Aspirin (reyesundrone) Caught med (tachycardia, seizures, oversedations) acetaminophen (liver disease) ibuprofen (GI ulcers, kidney damage) Pseudoepteche