cardiac pt 1 Flashcards by Jaden Blankenship

what are antihypertensives?

control hypertension

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most common side effect of antihypertensives?

sexual dysfunction

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what do you always do when giving a patient an antihypertensive?

always assess BP and HR
slow position changes

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antihypertensives for black people?

first line is…
thiazide and calcium channel blockers

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antihypertensives for asian people?

calcium channel blockers
assess for hypokalemia

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antihypertensives for hispanic people?

ACE inhibitors or ARBs
they have incr cardiac morbidity

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what can you assess to determine is antihypertensives are effective?

the patients eyes

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what are the different types of antihypertensives?

vasodilators
adrenergic
diuretics
ARBs
ACE inhibitors
CCB
direct renin inhibitor

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what are vasodilators used for?

reduce vascular resistance

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who should not be given vasodilators?

acute MI
CAD
hypotension

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what are some side effects of vasodilators?

dizziness
HA
tachycardia

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what are contradictions for vasodilators?

dont take with other antihypertensives

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what is Hydralazine?

a vasodilator used for HF in African americans

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what are adrenergic drugs for?

acting on the brain, blood vessels and heart
Alpha and beta

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who should not be given adrenergic drugs?

peptic ulcers
asthma
kidney/liver disease

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what are some side effects of adrenergic drugs?

hypotension
bradycardia
orthostatic hypotension
sexual dysfunction

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what are contraindications for adrenergic drugs?

alcohol
opioids
diuretics

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what is Carvedilol?

an adrenergic drug
blocks Alpha & beta
HTN & HF

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what are ACE inhibitors for?

preventing angiotensin to turn to angiotensin II
FIRST LINE

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who should not be given ACE inhibitors?

pregnant women

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what are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

angioedema
dry cough

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what are contraindications for ACE inhibitors?

lithium
NSAIDs
potassium

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what is Enalapril?

ACE inhibitor
must go through first pass
MI & HF

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What are ARBs for?

no vasoconstriction, no aldosterone
used for those who can’t take ACE

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who should not be given ARBs?

pregnant renal/hepatic dysfunction

what are the side effects of ARBs?

hypoglycemia chest pain UTI fetal toxicity

what are contraindications of ARBs?

NSAIDs lithium rifampin

What is Losartan for?

ARB HTN & HF

What are antianginals?

get rid of chest pain

What do antianginals do?

increase blood flow to myocardium decrease myocardial oxygen need

types of antianginals?

Nitrates beta blockers calcium channel blockers

What are nitrates for?

dilate vessels improving blood flow

What are the side effects of nitrates?

HA orthostatic hypotension tachycardia tolerance

what are contraindications for nitrates?

alcohol beta blockers CCB erectile dysfunction drugs

what is nitroglycerin for?

nitrate treat/prevent angina

How do you store nitroglycerin?

store in original container air, light, moisture deactivates

What are calcium channel blockers for?

prevent muscle contraction, dilates vessels

who should not take calcium channel blockers?

heart block hypotension

what are the side effects of calcium channel blockers?

hypotension constipation nausea edema

what is Diltiazem for?

Calcium channel blocker angina & HTN SR--> twice per day CR--> once a day

what to take for acute angina attacks?

IV sublingual spray

what to take for maintenance of angina attacks?

topical patch ER

what are HF meds for?

help the heart pump enough blood for the body

what do HF positive and negative inotropic meds do?

control myocardial contractions

what do HF positive and negative chromotropic meds do?

what do HF positive and negative dromotropic meds do?

conduction

according to AHA what are the initial drugs for HF?

ACE inhibitors ARBs beta blockers

what are other drugs for HF?

diuretics sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors hydralazine

What is givin for HF when other drugs dont work?

digoxin

what is digoxin for?

HF 0.5-2ng/mL

who should not take digoxin?

heart blocks

what are the side effects of digoxin?

hypotension bradycardia fatigue confusion HALO VISION

what are contraindications for digoxin?

beta blockers CCB bran antidysrhythmics

important labs to assess when giving digoxin?

magnesium potassium prevent toxicity

what are antidysrhythmics?

try to prevent abnormal heart rhythm classified by function

antidysrhythmics 1a, 1b, 1c

blocks sodium channel incr/decr repolarization

antidysrhythmics II

beta blocking

antidysrhythmics III

incr action potential

antidysrhythmics IV

CCB

What does Flecainide do?

slows conduction 1c

What does Amiodarone do?

tachycardia III long half life sun protection

what are side effects of Amiodarone?

hepatotoxicity visual problems pulmonary toxicity arrhythmic effects