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608 Pharmacology > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

3 Main Types of Opioid Receptors

A

1) mu
2) kappa
3) delta

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2
Q

Clinically used opioids mostly act on what two types of receptors?

A

kappa and mu

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3
Q

Which type of opioid med is the most effective but also has the most side effects?

A

full mu agonists

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4
Q

Do opioids have the same effect in all species?

A

NO - there are species differences in receptor distributions

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5
Q

3 Locations of Opioid Receptors

A

brain
spinal cord
periphery

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6
Q

Opioids and MAC

A

opioids reduce MAC so reduces inhalant requirements –> better for CV system

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7
Q

Why do healthy, agitated horses sometimes have an excitatory response to opioids?

A

lots of mu receptors in the cortex

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8
Q

Opioids and Bulldogs

A

can cause panting, so caution must be used in brachycephalics and lar-pars (hydromorphone)

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9
Q

Antitussive Opioids

A

butorphanol, hydrocodone

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10
Q

How are opioids considered an emetic and an anti-emetic?

A

stimulates vomiting at CRTZ outside the brain but suppresses the vomiting center within the BBB (just takes a while to get there)

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11
Q

Opioid Effect on GI Motility

A

DECERASES motility/propulsive contractions, increases segmental

ex: Imodium!

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12
Q

What type of opioid should be used for endoscopy?

A

kappa agonist (butorphanol)

mu agonists will tighten sphincters?/make it difficult to pass scope

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13
Q

Effect of Opioids on Body Temp in Dogs vs Cats

A

HYPOthermia in dogs (mild)
HYPERthermia in cats (can be quite marked)

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14
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation; occurs with opioid administration in cats, horses, ruminants

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15
Q

miosis

A

pupil constriction; occurs with opioid administration in dogs, rabbits, rats

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16
Q

What is the only opioid NOT metabolized by the liver?

A

REMIFENTANIL

metabolized by plasma esterases, so good for patients with severe liver dz

17
Q

opioid excretion

A

urine and feces (water soluble)

18
Q

4 Full Mu (u) Agonists in Vet Med

A

Morphine
Hydromorphone
Methadone
Fentanyl

19
Q

Why is morphine used in epidurals?

A

it is the LEAST lipid soluble (so it stays where you put it)

(also bonus, it’s inexpensive)

20
Q

Undesirable Side Effects of Hydromorphone

A

vomiting and panting (remember not good for bulldogs)

21
Q

Why is methadone awesome?

A

MULTIMODAL ANALGESIA (mu agonist, NMDA antagonist, SSRI type thing)

plus minimal vomiting or panting, less dysphoria

22
Q

Why is methadone not awesome?

A

it’s hella expensive

23
Q

How is fentanyl different than your other full mu agonists?

A

very short duration of action (needs CRI)

24
Q

Buprenorphine

A

partial mu agonist AND kappa antagonist

25
Q

Butorphanol (Torb)

A

partial mu antagonist AND kappa agonist

short duration, good sedation, but minimal analgesia

26
Q

Naloxone

A

antagonist at all receptors, used in overdose situations or opioid dysphoria (titrated to effect)

608 Pharmacology (13 decks)

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